Table 14.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Spruce 98.62 87.70 674.24 1 223.64 24 830.03 585.24 487.81 369.15 88.27 26.79 38.26 0.00 28 509.73
Poplar 13.43 88.04 653.00 2 342.30 495.95 321.64 135.32 40.75 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 091.82
Pine 2.31 38.34 115.67 111.32 29.39 57.05 105.25 39.04 0.08 0.00 0.26 0.00 498.71
Birch 1.10 29.77 141.88 95.14 38.45 23.73 9.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 340.06
Larch 0.00 0.00 4.09 16.52 23.74 19.15 5.00 9.11 1.02 2.16 13.05 0.00 93.84
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.72 66.72
Fir 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29
Subtotal 115.45 243.84 1 588.88 3 788.92 25 417.55 1 007.11 743.37 458.06 90.75 28.95 51.57 66.72 33 601.17
Taiga Shield Spruce 38.84 14.49 44.99 4 593.21 7 620.14 19 141.51 8 151.29 2.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39 606.58
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 559.44 5 559.44
Poplar 12.21 0.00 1.04 0.00 773.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 786.50
Fir 0.00 0.00 0.12 29.10 2.21 89.72 7.82 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 130.72
Other hardwoods 0.00 1.35 0.00 4.32 38.24 39.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.16
Pine 61.44 0.26 2.01 0.00 0.00 13.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.99
Birch 2.36 1.60 2.95 4.79 35.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.81
Larch 0.40 0.00 0.03 0.53 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.69
Subtotal 115.26 17.70 51.15 4 631.94 8 470.14 19 283.64 8 159.24 4.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 559.44 46 292.89
Boreal Shield Spruce 2 118.71 5 609.06 6 352.46 11 634.25 19 398.81 15 043.33 2 815.64 1 485.38 261.60 26.70 1.29 0.00 64 747.23
Poplar 1 258.64 1 222.25 2 207.24 6 209.30 4 785.62 390.08 80.85 7.25 7.45 1.96 0.00 0.00 16 170.65
Pine 2 570.57 1 797.68 1 967.27 2 877.48 2 650.48 499.93 167.31 49.03 4.97 0.30 0.00 0.00 12 585.02
Birch 345.68 916.77 2 743.84 2 894.92 2 224.51 397.87 148.52 20.75 8.38 1.54 1.88 0.00 9 704.65
Unclassified 956.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 539.50 9 495.52
Fir 230.06 643.89 1 064.74 1 100.84 1 424.21 420.86 103.11 34.61 43.25 4.21 0.42 0.00 5 070.19
Unspecified conifers 3 012.78 1 380.51 124.88 6.29 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 525.18
Maple 66.08 132.80 1 189.81 550.05 1 611.18 398.89 220.71 120.50 24.77 19.16 1.05 0.00 4 334.99
Larch 723.78 250.65 333.07 242.66 214.13 168.08 114.99 52.16 8.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 108.51
Unspecified hardwoods 898.26 93.90 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 995.39
Cedar & other conifers 21.84 56.80 89.84 143.46 183.84 78.70 64.94 50.64 10.89 2.79 0.00 0.00 703.73
Other hardwoods 39.35 98.74 139.89 214.19 109.64 48.90 11.69 1.80 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 664.84
Hemlock 0.00 0.00 15.99 34.82 42.23 24.85 28.91 9.24 1.80 5.52 5.46 0.00 168.83
Subtotal 12 241.76 12 203.05 16 232.27 25 908.26 32 645.37 17 471.47 3 756.68 1 831.36 372.75 62.18 10.10 8 539.50 131 274.73
Atlantic Maritime Fir 684.54 890.68 1 124.69 843.23 330.89 40.51 5.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 920.53
Spruce 656.92 545.22 1 379.03 718.74 470.17 129.79 7.69 3.17 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 912.03
Maple 455.95 277.65 1 321.95 648.67 307.32 21.27 5.66 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00 3 039.92
Poplar 293.18 192.12 458.45 229.04 28.59 1.20 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.00 1 203.80
Birch 291.31 165.68 392.73 189.08 110.64 5.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 154.51
Unspecified conifers 739.87 200.47 0.53 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 941.81
Unclassified 63.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 823.49 887.13
Cedar & other conifers 8.10 12.64 78.76 57.47 102.27 70.72 11.05 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 341.45
Pine 96.57 28.72 73.14 56.51 28.69 5.62 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 291.06
Other hardwoods 183.41 26.48 12.91 14.52 0.45 1.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 238.88
Unspecified hardwoods 171.19 23.90 9.75 1.32 < 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 206.16
Larch 22.61 30.96 46.16 17.27 5.46 0.66 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 123.25
Hemlock 0.84 4.54 19.01 3.09 7.46 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.13
Subtotal 3 668.12 2 399.05 4 917.11 2 779.89 1 391.93 275.96 32.36 5.85 1.30 0.39 0.21 823.49 16 295.67
Mixedwood Plains Maple 33.64 176.75 552.11 320.88 132.00 20.97 3.69 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 242.14
Other hardwoods 38.89 140.87 156.69 116.21 23.02 3.87 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 480.46
Cedar & other conifers 21.86 130.59 155.91 57.32 17.49 2.97 3.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 390.11
Poplar 40.14 142.81 133.39 24.08 10.25 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 351.38
Pine 60.21 65.95 43.72 16.74 2.71 1.32 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 191.01
Fir 0.85 89.35 48.25 9.23 4.88 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 153.68
Birch 15.19 42.39 20.60 1.44 9.58 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.22
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.53 84.53
Spruce 16.65 13.20 22.54 4.81 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.66
Unspecified hardwoods 44.28 2.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.20
Unspecified conifers 22.11 6.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.79
Larch 2.85 7.51 12.49 3.40 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.73
Hemlock 0.00 0.03 13.92 4.80 6.22 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.34
Subtotal 296.66 819.03 1 159.62 558.93 208.10 29.86 10.05 2.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.53 3 169.24
Boreal Plains Spruce 249.01 748.79 3 202.52 4 321.94 3 446.20 2 070.98 1 038.54 497.75 287.05 59.39 59.83 0.00 15 981.98
Poplar 772.79 1 319.71 3 941.36 3 077.25 1 712.02 1 052.86 252.85 26.21 6.21 0.33 0.00 0.00 12 161.59
Pine 733.15 763.41 1 025.60 936.50 754.46 747.38 182.26 98.09 14.35 2.93 0.03 0.00 5 258.16
Larch 18.88 86.84 333.68 676.51 740.51 285.81 93.00 29.63 122.52 3.45 0.00 0.00 2 390.85
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 096.65 2 096.65
Birch 7.97 80.01 219.10 48.09 34.06 3.12 0.95 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 393.89
Fir 1.15 20.63 22.32 16.98 13.77 10.34 1.85 12.08 3.76 1.86 3.91 0.00 108.66
Other hardwoods 0.00 34.23 7.26 2.21 1.70 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.54
Maple 7.50 4.11 1.14 3.61 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.34
Subtotal 1 790.45 3 057.72 8 752.97 9 083.08 6 702.73 4 171.54 1 569.44 664.45 433.90 67.96 63.77 2 096.65 38 454.66
Prairies Poplar 1.24 2.43 320.37 378.90 410.34 0.14 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 113.48
Spruce 0.00 0.00 2.11 17.39 3.76 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.26
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.20 30.20
Pine 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.66 1.80 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.48
Fir 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28
Birch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08
Subtotal 1.24 2.43 322.48 400.32 415.89 25.16 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.20 1 197.79
Taiga Cordillera Spruce 33.23 582.43 304.94 130.26 113.60 4 501.40 51.43 23.43 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 742.52
Fir 0.00 6.18 107.19 145.12 151.33 45.46 34.80 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 490.10
Birch 2.41 12.82 13.44 127.61 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 156.75
Pine 0.00 13.95 15.17 10.32 3.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.18
Poplar 0.00 7.04 0.00 0.00 3.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.34
Subtotal 35.64 622.43 440.74 413.31 272.43 4 546.86 86.23 23.45 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 442.89
Boreal Cordillera Spruce 15.84 534.19 983.68 1 522.93 2 676.25 1 719.38 556.52 376.29 545.26 104.35 1 193.87 0.00 10 228.57
Pine 38.23 496.14 477.93 296.52 687.77 331.36 426.93 321.26 207.90 14.14 177.87 0.00 3 476.06
Fir 2.43 19.98 149.29 219.24 366.67 244.88 215.01 189.92 158.84 100.92 1 188.41 0.00 2 855.58
Poplar 66.85 485.48 425.30 302.67 62.09 163.47 87.99 43.82 26.29 0.00 45.99 0.00 1 709.94
Birch 68.14 384.69 132.02 74.72 37.92 5.24 3.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 705.99
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 140.31 140.31
Subtotal 191.49 1 920.47 2 168.22 2 416.08 3 830.71 2 464.34 1 289.73 931.29 938.29 219.40 2 606.14 140.31 19 116.46
Pacific Maritime Hemlock 31.12 400.78 262.33 270.89 130.51 142.16 138.51 85.46 61.93 58.06 2 954.53 0.00 4 536.28
Cedar & other conifers 29.66 38.20 33.83 23.16 12.70 16.05 13.73 8.28 27.38 73.68 1 681.38 0.00 1 958.05
Fir 38.71 75.81 30.06 13.74 23.79 42.30 15.68 23.13 38.65 16.32 1 014.84 0.00 1 333.03
Douglas-fir 22.38 176.71 243.16 203.04 142.68 107.90 100.11 24.65 50.37 16.80 204.46 0.00 1 292.26
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 717.86 717.86
Pine 10.94 1.25 13.48 9.64 19.82 51.67 45.65 4.30 1.23 17.92 63.82 0.00 239.73
Spruce 21.46 31.47 9.79 2.07 19.71 2.67 2.83 3.48 5.08 32.95 106.94 0.00 238.45
Other hardwoods 0.58 20.90 70.01 48.52 26.09 19.10 1.57 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 187.02
Poplar 0.00 11.62 4.89 20.06 37.15 38.51 10.43 10.76 6.64 5.11 6.31 0.00 151.47
Maple 0.00 3.34 7.67 35.04 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.88
Birch 5.66 5.25 0.86 14.62 4.10 10.75 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.84
Unspecified hardwoods 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23
Subtotal 160.52 765.31 676.09 641.02 417.38 431.11 330.10 160.31 191.27 220.82 6 032.30 717.86 10 744.09
Montane Cordillera Pine 393.45 576.41 527.03 1 626.77 1 878.69 1 552.49 1 631.44 946.57 568.47 301.47 455.67 0.00 10 458.46
Spruce 190.21 332.59 135.41 304.47 449.80 562.04 833.11 815.20 578.11 580.27 1 903.54 0.00 6 684.75
Fir 21.43 131.07 175.83 227.04 377.15 345.53 551.58 529.59 570.06 578.68 2 557.95 0.00 6 065.90
Douglas-fir 28.83 155.09 160.20 398.87 549.18 639.42 561.25 317.93 184.51 123.41 467.04 0.00 3 585.72
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 229.24 1 229.24
Poplar 28.80 96.72 105.88 235.76 362.94 212.53 116.00 24.44 15.09 2.54 7.43 0.00 1 208.13
Hemlock 1.58 30.93 37.89 34.66 62.02 28.24 14.21 42.83 35.80 33.42 526.02 0.00 847.61
Larch 2.75 8.29 22.61 97.59 78.21 81.53 41.59 24.59 8.54 8.69 54.74 0.00 429.13
Cedar & other conifers 1.39 45.31 5.64 16.54 14.59 14.01 6.66 13.18 13.93 21.80 248.37 0.00 401.40
Birch 10.86 31.78 17.64 40.97 59.98 35.77 13.23 1.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 211.69
Other hardwoods 0.00 2.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.85 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.46
Subtotal 679.29 1 410.26 1 188.12 2 982.67 3 832.56 3 471.56 3 769.06 2 719.63 1 975.05 1 650.28 6 220.76 1 229.24 31 128.47
Hudson Plains Spruce 27.26 15.82 44.27 87.96 4 692.17 3 831.64 43.33 20.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 762.61
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 907.38 907.38
Poplar 1.93 0.00 0.00 93.04 0.00 3.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.71
Pine 15.73 28.25 4.67 6.89 6.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.50
Larch 16.13 0.00 0.45 1.53 0.58 4.63 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.51
Unspecified conifers 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04
Cedar & other conifers 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88
Fir 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67
Birch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41
Subtotal 61.04 45.12 49.39 190.14 4 700.06 3 840.01 44.21 20.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 907.38 9 857.72
Canada Spruce 3 466.74 8 514.96 13 155.97 24 561.67 63 722.11 47 611.97 13 988.18 3 596.12 1 768.46 830.44 3 303.74 0.00 184 520.36
Poplar 2 489.20 3 568.21 8 250.92 12 912.39 8 681.50 2 184.89 683.44 154.13 63.07 10.32 59.73 0.00 39 057.81
Pine 3 982.59 3 810.37 4 265.71 5 952.36 6 064.51 3 261.11 2 560.66 1 458.66 797.01 336.75 697.64 0.00 33 187.36
Unclassified 1 019.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 195.33 21 214.99
Fir 979.17 1 877.59 2 722.48 2 605.12 2 695.25 1 239.90 936.90 791.14 814.55 701.98 4 765.54 0.00 20 129.63
Birch 750.69 1 670.75 3 685.06 3 491.86 2 554.83 481.56 177.54 22.80 8.38 1.54 1.88 0.00 12 846.89
Maple 563.18 594.64 3 072.68 1 558.26 2 051.32 442.12 230.06 123.83 24.77 19.16 1.25 0.00 8 681.26
Hemlock 33.55 436.27 349.15 348.28 248.43 195.26 182.18 137.52 99.53 97.01 3 486.01 0.00 5 613.18
Unspecified conifers 3 774.76 1 588.70 125.41 7.24 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 496.83
Larch 787.40 384.24 752.59 1 056.01 1 064.30 559.86 254.58 116.36 141.07 14.31 67.79 0.00 5 198.51
Douglas-fir 51.21 331.79 403.35 601.91 691.86 747.32 661.37 342.58 234.88 140.21 671.50 0.00 4 877.98
Cedar & other conifers 82.84 283.54 363.98 297.94 330.89 182.45 101.24 72.54 52.19 98.26 1 929.75 0.00 3 795.62
Other hardwoods 262.23 324.63 386.75 399.97 199.13 112.17 14.31 5.99 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 706.36
Unspecified hardwoods 1 113.73 120.72 12.98 1.55 < 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 248.99
Total 19 356.92 23 506.43 37 547.03 53 794.55 88 304.85 57 018.62 19 790.45 6 821.66 4 005.10 2 249.98 14 984.85 20 195.33 347 575.78
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, revised 2006 baseline (Version 3, December 2013) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.