Table 18.2b. Confidence interval (million tonnes) of total above-ground biomass on forest land by species group, age class and boreal zone in Canada.
Boreal zone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Non-boreal Unclassified ±0.85 ±1.03 ±0.16 ±0.21 ±0.13 ±0.23 - - - - - ±2.41 ±2.78
Unspecified conifers ±4.01 ±4.91 ±3.18 ±2.70 ±0.48 - - - - - - ±0.03 ±7.61
Unspecified hardwoods ±4.29 ±3.79 ±4.87 ±2.66 ±2.99 ±0.35 ±0.20 - - - - <0.01 ±8.52
Larch ±0.54 ±1.34 ±3.23 ±4.26 ±9.91 ±8.46 ±6.22 ±4.68 ±2.65 ±1.78 ±6.91 - ±17.87
Other hardwoods ±0.67 ±3.49 ±10.52 ±11.07 ±9.42 ±5.54 ±1.69 ±0.56 ±0.02 ±1.99 ±3.96 - ±19.70
Birch ±2.22 ±9.52 ±18.88 ±19.74 ±23.63 ±16.30 ±4.47 ±4.46 ±0.25 ±0.43 ±0.79 - ±41.31
Poplar ±4.25 ±12.14 ±17.39 ±23.60 ±27.48 ±30.07 ±12.43 ±10.85 ±1.60 ±5.87 ±6.67 - ±55.12
Cedar & other conifers ±1.21 ±4.08 ±10.29 ±7.99 ±7.47 ±7.39 ±4.85 ±8.05 ±6.78 ±8.77 ±100.93 - ±103.42
Maple ±3.62 ±7.78 ±29.63 ±40.19 ±40.34 ±18.85 ±6.57 ±3.21 ±5.01 - ±0.69 <0.01 ±68.04
Douglas-fir ±1.28 ±9.52 ±30.37 ±42.73 ±35.14 ±39.28 ±42.72 ±33.62 ±14.23 ±13.80 ±53.93 - ±108.98
Pine ±4.94 ±14.70 ±16.28 ±24.75 ±46.15 ±34.90 ±35.08 ±30.87 ±21.59 ±11.98 ±21.08 - ±87.77
Hemlock ±2.58 ±13.57 ±26.66 ±31.93 ±29.01 ±14.77 ±14.25 ±12.10 ±12.21 ±11.20 ±157.09 - ±168.17
Fir ±3.18 ±11.42 ±17.09 ±21.28 ±20.64 ±17.73 ±16.14 ±24.42 ±24.78 ±21.60 ±91.82 - ±109.52
Spruce ±2.90 ±10.17 ±25.53 ±21.55 ±23.49 ±21.23 ±31.36 ±28.93 ±19.79 ±16.06 ±61.76 <0.01 ±92.28
Subtotal ±11.17 ±33.07 ±68.12 ±84.60 ±91.53 ±73.66 ±69.18 ±62.44 ±43.63 ±36.09 ±224.88 ±2.41 ±298.81
Boreal Other hardwoods ±0.30 ±0.49 ±1.31 ±1.91 ±1.93 ±0.94 ±0.88 ±0.68 ±0.10 ±0.13 - ±0.05 ±3.41
Cedar & other conifers ±0.09 ±0.25 ±0.47 ±0.87 ±2.13 ±2.84 ±1.72 ±1.26 ±0.60 - - - ±4.31
Unspecified hardwoods ±5.55 ±3.55 ±0.20 ±0.02 - - ±0.01 - - - - - ±6.59
Maple ±0.07 ±1.00 ±8.05 ±9.62 ±9.85 ±0.30 - - - - - - ±15.99
Unclassified ±2.94 ±1.19 ±0.04 ±0.17 ±0.10 ±0.06 ±0.14 ±0.19 ±0.05 - - ±4.48 ±5.50
Unspecified conifers ±8.83 ±11.44 ±5.59 ±0.98 ±0.18 - - - - - - ±0.02 ±15.53
Larch ±3.26 ±2.61 ±6.04 ±7.88 ±7.76 ±7.31 ±5.47 ±3.99 ±1.10 ±0.45 ±1.19 ±0.14 ±16.68
Birch ±2.67 ±9.42 ±17.02 ±19.62 ±14.06 ±27.11 ±4.65 ±1.95 ±0.34 ±0.69 ±1.14 ±0.02 ±41.60
Fir ±4.08 ±14.23 ±18.87 ±20.07 ±20.66 ±17.00 ±15.77 ±13.74 ±13.96 ±6.41 ±19.94 ±0.04 ±52.58
Pine ±9.01 ±22.24 ±28.60 ±43.22 ±29.84 ±39.69 ±37.06 ±27.53 ±14.94 ±8.26 ±17.08 ±0.05 ±91.88
Poplar ±11.52 ±21.42 ±40.72 ±76.35 ±67.44 ±45.66 ±38.25 ±21.27 ±6.15 ±2.90 ±3.45 ±0.01 ±129.17
Spruce ±6.85 ±26.69 ±50.67 ±75.02 ±80.55 ±148.94 ±107.61 ±74.28 ±33.70 ±14.50 ±40.84 ±0.33 ±240.29
Subtotal ±20.32 ±45.93 ±76.31 ±119.47 ±112.77 ±164.10 ±121.33 ±83.29 ±39.91 ±18.13 ±48.70 ±4.50 ±297.05
Canada Unspecified hardwoods ±7.01 ±5.19 ±4.88 ±2.66 ±2.99 ±0.35 ±0.20 - - - - <0.01 ±10.77
Unclassified ±3.06 ±1.57 ±0.16 ±0.27 ±0.17 ±0.24 ±0.14 ±0.19 ±0.05 - - ±5.09 ±6.17
Other hardwoods ±0.73 ±3.53 ±10.60 ±11.24 ±9.62 ±5.62 ±1.90 ±0.88 ±0.11 ±1.99 ±3.96 ±0.05 ±19.99
Unspecified conifers ±9.70 ±12.45 ±6.43 ±2.87 ±0.52 - - - - - - ±0.03 ±17.30
Larch ±3.31 ±2.93 ±6.85 ±8.96 ±12.59 ±11.18 ±8.28 ±6.15 ±2.87 ±1.84 ±7.01 ±0.14 ±24.45
Cedar & other conifers ±1.22 ±4.09 ±10.30 ±8.04 ±7.76 ±7.91 ±5.15 ±8.14 ±6.80 ±8.77 ±100.93 - ±103.51
Maple ±3.62 ±7.84 ±30.71 ±41.33 ±41.53 ±18.85 ±6.57 ±3.21 ±5.01 - ±0.69 <0.01 ±69.89
Douglas-fir ±1.28 ±9.52 ±30.37 ±42.73 ±35.14 ±39.28 ±42.72 ±33.62 ±14.23 ±13.80 ±53.93 - ±108.98
Birch ±3.48 ±13.39 ±25.42 ±27.83 ±27.50 ±31.63 ±6.45 ±4.87 ±0.42 ±0.81 ±1.39 ±0.02 ±58.63
Hemlock ±2.58 ±13.57 ±26.66 ±31.93 ±29.01 ±14.77 ±14.25 ±12.10 ±12.21 ±11.20 ±157.09 - ±168.17
Fir ±5.17 ±18.24 ±25.46 ±29.25 ±29.20 ±24.56 ±22.56 ±28.02 ±28.44 ±22.53 ±93.96 ±0.04 ±121.48
Pine ±10.27 ±26.66 ±32.91 ±49.81 ±54.95 ±52.85 ±51.03 ±41.36 ±26.26 ±14.55 ±27.14 ±0.05 ±127.06
Poplar ±12.28 ±24.62 ±44.28 ±79.91 ±72.83 ±54.67 ±40.21 ±23.88 ±6.36 ±6.55 ±7.51 ±0.01 ±140.44
Spruce ±7.44 ±28.57 ±56.73 ±78.06 ±83.91 ±150.45 ±112.09 ±79.71 ±39.08 ±21.64 ±74.04 ±0.33 ±257.40
Total ±23.19 ±56.60 ±102.29 ±146.39 ±145.24 ±179.88 ±139.66 ±104.09 ±59.13 ±40.39 ±230.09 ±5.10 ±421.34
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 3.1, October 2025) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Non-boreal zone in the Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic) are not inventoried. The total land and water area amounts to approximately 252,202.08 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.