Table 14.4a. Relative standard errors (%) of area of forest land by species group, age class and managed forest region in Canada.
Managed forests Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
0 Larch - 72.43 49.32 83.68 102.37 - - - - - - - 40.66
Unspecified hardwoods 73.39 101.44 80.76 72.84 99.13 106.57 - - - - - - 40.04
Unspecified conifers 63.53 39.10 62.02 76.28 48.97 - - - - - - - 32.03
Douglas-fir - 76.71 - 84.22 45.85 45.97 48.09 68.81 69.65 - 71.75 - 23.70
Hemlock - 61.95 64.73 47.40 55.08 57.02 53.41 99.26 55.96 73.15 19.58 - 14.72
Other hardwoods 45.58 59.21 60.14 60.99 65.48 87.76 99.24 83.81 - - 96.80 - 31.77
Unclassified - 102.84 82.60 72.93 66.53 72.66 102.84 98.98 98.98 - - 25.12 22.06
Fir 92.91 52.41 49.68 80.36 46.77 - 62.71 - - - 100.10 - 31.56
Pine 103.40 63.20 59.28 62.19 66.57 80.72 98.22 - 95.59 100.81 77.32 - 37.19
Cedar & other conifers 53.22 88.13 53.81 65.98 92.11 58.14 90.63 70.84 81.98 40.16 14.21 - 30.03
Birch 62.93 33.16 40.26 63.79 71.58 102.59 102.59 - - - - - 26.09
Spruce 61.86 39.15 25.78 33.42 44.40 43.34 31.26 62.44 88.15 - 44.71 - 13.75
Poplar 73.08 47.75 39.20 52.03 95.32 96.63 - - - - - - 53.04
Maple 93.64 91.94 34.72 53.35 77.92 97.36 - - - - - 103.09 60.40
Subtotal 36.51 34.11 15.18 21.75 54.39 67.16 27.06 50.68 71.05 34.61 11.04 25.03 18.57
11 Other hardwoods 29.47 16.51 18.40 14.83 18.76 26.38 43.57 55.72 99.96 100.02 43.11 72.61 7.65
Unspecified hardwoods 8.74 13.63 36.45 56.28 45.43 100.01 80.23 - - - - - 7.53
Cedar & other conifers 20.76 24.43 17.85 16.35 11.49 13.09 16.66 23.20 26.77 28.31 10.72 - 6.78
Maple 20.36 13.63 10.69 11.83 9.83 20.93 46.18 51.74 97.80 - 83.92 - 5.43
Unspecified conifers 7.28 9.01 24.12 55.16 54.67 - - - - - - - 5.51
Douglas-fir 19.60 20.92 17.44 19.79 14.12 12.04 12.80 13.48 16.16 19.77 13.24 - 4.81
Hemlock 18.95 19.20 17.44 21.14 16.23 18.48 17.42 20.02 17.16 31.14 8.03 - 5.46
Larch 20.70 10.75 8.38 7.54 7.96 7.85 9.45 16.06 24.19 34.62 29.40 64.80 3.43
Unclassified 63.76 35.33 56.61 71.65 71.84 103.75 100.03 - - - - 4.06 4.06
Birch 8.05 5.96 5.64 5.79 6.08 12.90 14.82 32.07 36.36 83.36 73.65 62.34 2.68
Fir 10.77 5.65 5.84 6.85 5.31 9.17 8.42 9.57 10.27 11.88 6.76 62.10 2.38
Poplar 6.17 4.95 5.51 4.56 5.04 6.70 9.78 16.75 27.89 41.00 45.11 93.88 2.14
Pine 5.63 5.23 6.88 5.67 5.44 6.69 6.66 9.04 12.70 19.20 14.45 86.24 2.12
Spruce 5.87 4.23 3.35 2.65 2.65 3.61 3.48 5.70 7.81 10.29 7.57 34.57 1.21
Subtotal 2.63 2.14 2.09 1.84 1.80 2.48 2.61 3.84 5.05 6.44 3.67 4.03 0.76
12 Other hardwoods - 64.06 53.46 31.87 59.18 96.47 87.80 100.19 - - - - 25.73
Unspecified hardwoods 33.54 43.31 58.87 98.71 - - - - - - - - 24.31
Cedar & other conifers 58.74 65.22 54.70 42.45 54.11 56.74 64.27 100.09 101.01 94.69 43.85 - 22.28
Unspecified conifers 40.77 34.77 40.54 94.54 96.47 - - - - - - 100.64 23.03
Hemlock 99.37 59.13 50.71 34.29 50.17 64.44 40.26 77.47 45.89 100.92 41.79 - 19.80
Birch 28.02 27.80 23.55 28.81 20.32 56.17 53.21 85.24 - - 100.49 - 14.98
Maple 53.44 32.32 30.44 15.58 27.20 76.41 74.07 98.93 98.93 - 100.49 - 12.38
Fir 49.33 30.72 23.61 22.70 28.85 45.95 46.44 43.77 37.45 49.99 32.62 - 11.75
Douglas-fir 45.91 43.56 45.38 33.50 23.73 23.17 25.58 25.46 33.77 55.04 25.85 - 9.73
Larch 50.34 23.57 17.17 14.45 19.55 33.03 32.25 39.31 52.73 69.73 88.21 - 8.54
Unclassified - 65.47 - - - - - - - - - 10.93 10.92
Poplar 14.87 14.61 14.15 10.83 12.60 22.97 37.78 52.57 81.49 99.43 100.20 100.64 5.68
Pine 15.96 13.75 15.15 12.42 14.32 18.55 22.73 49.12 41.68 55.33 53.13 100.64 5.84
Spruce 20.25 9.43 8.81 6.94 7.31 11.13 14.21 18.65 25.65 34.55 31.08 - 3.51
Subtotal 9.07 6.50 5.92 4.68 5.27 8.17 9.99 12.69 16.90 26.48 15.38 10.91 2.33
13 Hemlock - - - - 103.62 103.62 - - - - - - 74.64
Cedar & other conifers - - 72.21 78.05 72.10 81.25 92.46 100.00 - - - - 36.67
Unspecified hardwoods 40.09 72.41 51.97 84.88 - - - - - - - - 34.20
Maple 59.00 68.55 26.07 29.40 60.69 84.32 - - - - - - 19.99
Other hardwoods 73.91 51.69 38.44 64.89 29.47 27.56 71.23 99.98 - - - - 18.10
Unspecified conifers 33.24 25.94 39.47 58.94 - - - - - - - - 18.64
Birch 12.85 13.04 18.19 14.21 13.71 34.33 46.31 100.01 - 68.19 - - 6.65
Fir 34.51 29.15 16.57 16.93 11.51 16.70 16.24 26.83 59.19 85.80 99.98 - 6.40
Larch 17.66 10.01 6.79 10.66 13.05 17.24 15.89 28.65 45.76 57.39 62.53 - 4.54
Unclassified 82.77 - - - - - 100.02 - - - - 4.41 4.40
Poplar 14.90 12.70 11.81 11.34 6.93 9.19 41.52 62.27 - 71.56 100.03 - 4.31
Pine 9.10 6.20 7.66 8.54 10.48 13.85 27.09 75.60 72.49 - - - 3.47
Spruce 12.01 4.99 3.86 3.87 3.52 2.31 2.67 3.82 17.96 43.29 20.06 57.82 1.24
Subtotal 5.51 3.39 3.06 3.12 2.84 2.20 2.61 3.75 16.86 34.55 19.78 4.40 1.05
20 Unspecified hardwoods 27.91 31.26 67.19 65.88 56.66 100.22 - - - - - - 21.94
Other hardwoods 61.18 23.99 29.54 35.87 33.21 42.15 72.34 78.10 73.76 99.95 100.01 - 15.64
Unspecified conifers 27.16 28.18 47.57 71.41 49.92 - - - - - - - 19.35
Douglas-fir - 100.12 50.65 39.74 36.37 33.79 29.25 31.47 60.64 67.06 45.04 - 14.93
Cedar & other conifers 75.95 47.19 29.52 41.07 29.77 28.51 44.65 58.78 52.47 33.00 16.70 - 12.83
Maple 31.22 25.74 18.12 16.17 18.59 39.10 86.45 80.24 - - - - 9.12
Hemlock - 75.84 46.58 35.06 27.88 40.57 32.00 48.52 32.91 43.21 14.64 - 11.43
Larch 36.19 19.83 14.33 16.87 18.59 27.03 41.67 53.43 66.20 99.96 73.31 99.70 8.07
Unclassified 77.62 99.91 - - 100.72 - - - - - - 12.28 12.14
Birch 29.48 16.38 14.11 14.39 13.26 29.13 53.90 47.17 99.94 - - - 6.91
Fir 37.14 12.85 12.66 12.20 11.78 20.08 17.55 21.75 21.43 26.39 11.61 - 5.04
Poplar 17.03 12.68 11.13 9.77 10.46 17.27 25.03 33.19 74.96 73.03 54.64 - 4.93
Pine 16.58 11.89 11.56 11.04 12.55 16.26 17.42 22.47 30.52 37.37 23.58 - 4.76
Spruce 20.36 9.89 6.83 5.49 5.49 5.88 5.53 12.30 15.98 25.40 12.59 96.04 2.41
Subtotal 9.43 5.30 4.27 3.83 3.85 4.90 4.88 8.99 11.08 13.82 6.44 12.17 1.66
31 Hemlock - - - - - - - - 114.37 - 114.37 - 83.44
Unspecified hardwoods - - 18.81 - - - - - - - - - 18.81
Cedar & other conifers - - - - - - - - - 114.37 114.37 - 103.79
Other hardwoods - 40.45 33.02 82.04 92.50 37.91 - - - - - - 40.11
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 38.76 38.76
Fir - 81.38 96.41 101.53 - - 59.28 - - - - - 84.32
Birch 26.88 71.80 78.38 82.59 114.39 - - - - - - - 49.67
Douglas-fir - 69.44 69.44 43.53 84.01 93.69 57.49 42.74 82.62 69.44 46.72 - 24.93
Maple 17.27 27.83 19.34 46.18 64.79 120.66 - - - - - - 17.86
Larch 67.05 51.70 30.98 40.49 48.98 38.41 38.94 49.96 99.74 - 99.74 - 18.33
Poplar 63.63 45.86 37.79 47.69 38.33 41.55 84.19 - - - - - 23.13
Pine 72.70 26.23 42.99 27.97 34.69 46.75 69.67 99.74 - - 115.32 - 17.08
Spruce 53.99 21.27 30.53 19.27 24.26 26.16 36.83 30.04 81.48 99.74 103.28 - 10.57
Subtotal 26.49 15.70 19.56 16.69 17.57 17.94 24.37 28.77 69.68 82.17 39.22 38.76 7.25
32 Unspecified hardwoods 41.27 49.96 81.87 81.87 78.54 - - - - - - - 37.94
Unspecified conifers 89.78 66.52 - - - - - - - - - - 71.82
Hemlock - 99.54 86.16 101.28 94.40 75.84 99.90 - 76.83 - 70.47 - 35.73
Other hardwoods - 66.97 47.56 56.63 72.26 83.40 101.10 - - - - - 29.99
Larch 97.26 39.64 47.75 68.10 56.47 69.58 85.96 - - 99.11 - - 31.40
Fir 98.74 50.36 49.83 64.10 67.17 99.10 99.10 - - - 99.10 - 32.53
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 46.35 46.35
Cedar & other conifers 97.37 50.43 56.01 62.52 87.04 82.67 - - - 102.38 78.88 - 30.32
Maple 65.72 66.33 39.10 41.90 66.77 97.61 97.75 - - - - - 24.23
Birch 38.56 48.42 48.15 39.93 53.81 75.41 98.31 - - - - - 28.15
Douglas-fir 100.83 89.44 66.46 58.25 51.28 37.90 51.47 47.12 83.88 53.24 44.13 - 20.22
Pine 51.84 49.53 36.33 33.49 19.10 35.01 68.51 56.39 71.87 - 98.92 - 14.52
Spruce 54.21 36.44 28.78 26.10 29.87 27.45 39.96 94.13 99.54 90.00 64.22 - 13.18
Poplar 34.19 16.42 20.55 30.61 35.83 55.89 52.56 98.75 - 99.54 - - 11.20
Subtotal 26.95 14.67 12.83 14.85 14.58 20.69 28.62 39.96 60.05 43.67 35.61 46.35 6.18
33 Unspecified hardwoods 53.80 52.28 73.94 - 101.19 88.37 - - - - - - 34.46
Unspecified conifers 45.54 37.65 75.13 68.94 88.37 - - - - - - - 29.42
Other hardwoods 100.05 44.72 56.00 63.87 80.64 56.05 96.64 - 99.90 - 100.36 - 36.07
Maple 57.14 46.29 31.85 37.25 40.95 44.68 104.72 79.47 - - 100.35 - 18.06
Birch 62.79 29.89 42.61 29.53 62.05 43.49 54.13 72.97 99.94 - - - 20.14
Cedar & other conifers 43.56 51.13 41.90 61.36 56.16 74.69 61.20 54.88 55.74 70.58 32.29 - 23.61
Larch 37.93 32.34 21.32 26.75 24.91 33.48 46.00 61.76 96.99 64.17 37.00 - 12.19
Douglas-fir 40.84 52.69 47.82 31.87 25.18 28.51 28.97 28.15 47.79 46.48 43.30 - 11.01
Hemlock 65.63 49.35 54.69 55.69 42.37 51.83 39.40 49.09 43.92 52.57 22.99 - 16.21
Unclassified 101.24 81.57 - - - - - - - - - 14.29 14.16
Poplar 20.12 21.86 23.07 17.66 20.79 30.35 34.54 53.32 93.76 77.12 67.52 - 8.57
Fir 35.32 29.95 22.92 27.11 19.54 19.72 19.05 27.45 21.91 24.79 16.30 - 7.91
Pine 21.98 18.33 20.72 17.46 20.08 23.05 25.80 26.54 38.50 48.02 38.18 - 7.46
Spruce 24.69 14.99 13.72 13.22 12.78 14.26 11.41 19.71 25.51 29.92 17.37 115.03 5.02
Subtotal 11.70 8.96 8.34 7.78 7.97 8.85 8.76 12.02 14.24 18.31 9.84 14.29 2.96
40 Unspecified hardwoods 101.44 - 99.00 - - - - - - - - - 72.91
Douglas-fir 114.35 - - - 113.81 113.81 - - - - - - 90.50
Other hardwoods - - - 66.70 - 65.10 - - - - - - 46.59
Cedar & other conifers - 96.31 - - 111.34 111.34 - 111.34 - 111.34 90.52 - 62.70
Unspecified conifers 99.44 98.38 99.00 - - - - - - - - - 76.50
Fir 100.87 56.22 68.80 71.37 57.04 100.36 76.97 95.73 - - 81.15 - 32.71
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 27.28 27.28
Hemlock 88.67 96.31 90.48 - 90.82 - 67.76 82.33 96.31 96.31 32.54 - 28.37
Birch 37.46 37.47 42.57 43.54 50.69 - 101.44 96.31 - - - - 20.41
Larch 54.15 48.76 28.20 35.39 45.29 48.79 57.93 90.05 - - 99.94 - 16.89
Pine 46.14 28.49 33.02 54.97 40.04 75.23 61.89 99.58 - - 96.31 - 18.64
Poplar 45.62 31.96 33.89 34.67 23.17 17.55 80.23 92.94 96.31 - - - 11.78
Spruce 41.11 22.71 16.33 14.87 16.67 7.71 10.69 22.19 67.54 70.54 50.18 - 4.86
Subtotal 22.62 13.86 12.20 12.62 12.40 7.20 10.37 20.30 62.85 66.28 25.57 27.28 4.10
50 Larch 23.55 15.23 16.06 14.63 20.41 28.09 47.78 58.13 66.17 - 75.40 - 7.87
Hemlock 77.71 39.26 22.50 27.89 24.04 31.33 36.48 68.81 49.17 71.74 45.62 - 15.02
Unspecified hardwoods 10.90 15.18 18.02 51.17 30.04 100.01 - - - - - 100.79 7.67
Cedar & other conifers 33.38 19.98 14.37 11.60 13.30 18.92 26.39 40.37 94.78 79.78 41.80 - 6.50
Unspecified conifers 10.14 10.92 21.05 40.93 36.53 - - - - - - 73.53 6.90
Other hardwoods 17.78 10.37 11.51 10.97 14.01 46.49 49.34 99.67 - 100.45 78.71 - 5.83
Douglas-fir 44.18 43.59 35.32 23.40 21.62 18.74 21.44 25.69 41.37 50.08 28.78 - 8.85
Pine 23.65 13.99 10.66 12.73 13.40 20.32 24.57 33.23 68.47 70.01 45.62 100.09 5.75
Unclassified 32.00 29.16 100.09 77.97 - - - - - - - 6.93 6.66
Birch 12.18 11.26 8.93 12.09 14.91 21.17 43.77 97.71 - - - - 5.11
Fir 13.99 8.06 5.94 8.94 13.59 23.30 39.71 59.42 - 89.36 66.49 - 3.87
Spruce 12.46 9.50 6.35 5.35 8.74 12.64 14.39 36.07 37.04 58.65 53.46 100.56 3.21
Maple 15.56 7.81 6.01 6.06 7.07 13.29 33.30 41.35 70.64 - - 100.79 3.23
Poplar 8.30 5.57 5.54 6.24 11.15 19.63 26.76 35.84 70.23 80.52 86.98 100.09 3.00
Subtotal 4.14 3.07 2.64 2.83 4.00 6.32 9.75 13.69 22.80 31.81 22.41 6.92 1.35
100 Other hardwoods 59.06 73.52 30.19 30.76 53.32 58.25 97.75 - - - 100.58 - 23.15
Cedar & other conifers 100.69 76.46 44.24 28.58 36.50 33.69 55.94 50.84 61.88 - 31.54 - 17.49
Unspecified hardwoods 33.67 46.60 76.79 64.66 54.08 38.07 - - - - - - 23.99
Hemlock 100.08 96.28 49.13 34.85 38.56 68.76 41.47 65.39 76.35 98.43 29.43 - 17.69
Douglas-fir 71.64 77.62 59.70 66.33 81.26 45.75 36.54 45.45 94.20 100.06 37.44 - 17.93
Maple 91.68 34.84 18.15 14.65 16.93 43.81 44.93 100.07 100.17 - - - 9.19
Unspecified conifers 25.67 32.22 45.60 - - - - - - - - - 20.95
Larch 43.69 24.52 19.84 31.45 29.14 34.15 44.32 60.99 77.85 100.23 - 100.73 12.36
Birch 25.62 16.41 14.76 14.94 15.29 27.53 35.01 56.07 - - - - 6.98
Fir 33.49 37.38 17.62 16.05 24.23 24.23 26.70 54.88 65.45 63.27 37.10 100.69 11.20
Unclassified 99.93 103.18 103.18 77.92 100.67 - - - - - - 12.08 11.99
Poplar 24.87 13.89 12.51 12.41 12.69 25.17 24.98 31.59 76.87 45.58 47.02 - 6.29
Pine 20.87 12.67 17.23 15.42 19.05 21.59 32.71 34.72 47.71 69.78 55.37 - 6.84
Spruce 31.21 11.74 9.88 9.06 8.64 9.09 7.72 12.43 58.71 32.60 37.25 71.61 3.56
Subtotal 11.31 7.04 6.44 5.94 6.36 8.03 7.26 11.62 46.68 25.53 19.25 12.07 2.58
Canada Other hardwoods 16.49 8.60 8.64 8.24 10.36 16.08 27.44 48.00 78.05 64.00 37.23 72.61 4.15
Unspecified hardwoods 6.84 9.42 15.23 41.88 22.30 53.99 80.23 - - - - 100.79 5.25
Cedar & other conifers 17.64 14.29 10.14 10.15 9.64 9.75 13.77 18.80 23.13 20.89 8.34 - 4.73
Unspecified conifers 5.99 6.71 15.94 26.54 25.20 - - - - - - 59.43 4.27
Douglas-fir 16.34 17.08 14.27 12.40 9.78 8.78 9.04 9.93 13.04 15.35 10.62 - 3.54
Hemlock 17.90 15.47 13.39 14.56 11.93 14.80 13.30 17.61 13.40 24.33 6.42 - 4.35
Larch 11.64 6.24 4.52 5.07 5.76 7.43 8.92 16.00 23.07 26.88 22.54 62.57 2.33
Maple 11.32 9.67 4.79 4.87 5.63 26.49 25.21 29.48 77.91 - 67.22 80.54 3.19
Birch 6.29 4.56 4.46 4.54 4.83 9.91 12.75 25.95 33.58 55.83 72.59 62.34 2.08
Unclassified 39.45 22.25 45.16 45.51 49.36 65.86 71.26 98.98 98.98 - - 2.58 2.56
Fir 8.37 4.34 3.95 4.82 4.22 7.17 6.58 8.08 8.36 9.90 5.44 60.96 1.79
Poplar 4.28 3.30 3.44 3.18 3.67 4.99 8.14 13.75 23.52 28.64 28.30 73.25 1.50
Pine 4.26 3.42 4.13 3.85 4.01 5.17 5.71 8.14 11.62 15.56 11.58 68.80 1.53
Spruce 4.59 2.71 2.14 1.84 1.87 1.79 1.90 2.92 6.26 9.25 5.84 32.67 0.77
Subtotal 1.98 1.46 1.34 1.25 1.31 1.53 1.66 2.42 4.08 5.32 2.90 2.56 0.52
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data< (Version 3, November 2023) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.
Managed forest
Code Description
0 Not available
11 Long term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
12 Short term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
13 No current Crown timber dispostions
20 Legal protection status (IUCN class IA, IB, II, III, IV, V, VI equivalent)
31 Reserved by the Federal government for military or other purposes
32 Reserved by the Federal government under the Indian Act
33 Reserved or designated restricted use by provincial or territorial government
40 Aboriginal lands
50 Privately-owned lands
100 Water