Table 16.4. Total tree volume (million m3) by species group, age class and managed forest region in Canada.
Managed forests Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
0 Larch - 0.02 0.03 0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - 0.06
Unspecified hardwoods 0.04 0.01 0.09 0.08 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - 0.24
Unclassified - 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.14 0.05 - - 0.00 0.41
Unspecified conifers 0.04 0.09 0.10 0.19 0.00 - - - - - - - 0.41
Other hardwoods 0.03 0.20 0.99 1.68 0.89 0.03 <0.01 0.04 - - 0.03 - 3.88
Douglas-fir - 0.14 - 0.03 0.95 2.13 1.46 0.23 0.04 - 0.84 - 5.82
Birch 0.10 1.23 4.15 4.44 0.19 0.01 0.01 - - - - - 10.13
Fir 0.01 1.11 3.02 5.84 0.69 - 0.46 - - - 0.44 - 11.57
Hemlock - 0.15 0.75 1.33 0.57 1.81 0.87 0.01 0.69 0.14 8.19 - 14.50
Pine 0.00 0.24 1.28 8.91 3.92 1.15 0.01 - 0.01 <0.01 0.03 - 15.56
Cedar & other conifers 0.01 0.03 0.73 4.22 2.70 0.13 2.07 0.15 0.15 0.56 17.29 - 28.04
Spruce 0.06 1.35 5.76 3.57 6.85 1.49 4.01 1.34 1.42 - 3.29 - 29.14
Poplar 0.14 2.76 1.70 2.88 28.02 11.05 - - - - - - 46.55
Maple <0.01 3.54 1.96 5.78 1.99 42.34 - - - - - 0.00 55.62
Subtotal 0.44 10.87 20.56 39.01 46.84 60.23 8.92 1.90 2.35 0.70 30.11 0.00 221.94
11 Unclassified 3.98 2.13 0.16 0.14 0.10 0.14 0.04 - - - - 0.00 6.68
Unspecified hardwoods 48.55 12.45 1.67 0.12 2.96 0.10 0.15 - - - - - 65.99
Other hardwoods 1.27 7.88 24.16 24.06 16.43 8.20 1.90 0.45 0.02 1.25 5.78 0.00 91.40
Unspecified conifers 87.75 83.64 17.72 0.80 0.35 - - - - - - - 190.26
Larch 1.97 13.81 47.47 67.80 81.17 63.96 44.35 16.53 4.74 2.04 17.39 0.00 361.25
Maple 5.44 22.04 85.65 123.21 207.84 35.02 6.69 2.38 3.75 - 0.60 - 492.63
Cedar & other conifers 1.26 8.93 27.54 22.15 37.85 30.92 16.14 13.12 15.32 20.18 738.28 - 931.69
Douglas-fir 1.54 11.75 46.06 88.91 128.50 149.04 181.27 160.37 52.92 41.18 217.78 - 1 079.33
Birch 20.32 120.57 252.97 277.38 300.29 91.49 28.74 10.87 0.84 0.42 1.82 0.00 1 105.70
Hemlock 5.21 38.06 93.00 99.47 98.18 45.49 55.93 25.62 36.58 29.79 1 422.21 - 1 949.55
Fir 26.27 173.39 246.44 221.98 278.85 146.60 146.76 154.23 159.50 105.00 944.97 0.00 2 603.99
Pine 78.41 263.94 296.82 561.43 646.92 577.02 546.32 310.37 130.65 62.81 123.20 0.00 3 597.91
Poplar 111.29 238.12 412.76 1 134.26 899.56 566.91 332.77 119.79 18.77 6.71 9.43 0.00 3 850.36
Spruce 48.50 245.10 716.70 1 373.09 1 510.00 923.26 1 253.61 651.24 369.91 150.00 627.90 0.00 7 869.32
Subtotal 441.77 1 241.81 2 269.12 3 994.80 4 209.00 2 638.13 2 614.68 1 464.98 793.01 419.38 4 109.37 0.00 24 196.05
12 Unclassified - 0.04 - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.04
Unspecified hardwoods 0.70 0.59 0.27 0.01 - - - - - - - - 1.57
Other hardwoods - 0.06 0.98 0.99 0.72 0.02 0.23 0.34 - - - - 3.33
Unspecified conifers 0.51 2.64 0.39 0.30 0.13 - - - - - - 0.00 3.96
Cedar & other conifers 0.02 0.06 0.47 2.27 1.23 1.09 0.64 0.08 0.01 0.08 10.47 - 16.42
Birch 0.58 1.73 6.59 18.61 6.06 3.62 1.32 1.03 - - 0.06 - 39.59
Maple 0.21 0.75 8.89 32.09 11.28 5.55 0.69 0.52 0.51 - 0.04 - 60.52
Larch 1.84 4.21 9.22 15.21 17.01 11.72 6.43 3.21 2.59 0.24 1.12 - 72.79
Hemlock 0.01 3.87 7.75 5.31 14.51 7.20 5.71 1.50 4.87 0.38 42.94 - 94.04
Fir 0.52 2.85 7.99 7.85 8.50 3.54 9.32 8.24 4.54 5.66 37.70 - 96.71
Douglas-fir 0.07 1.28 11.31 12.20 17.45 29.71 34.67 22.77 7.17 4.19 19.04 - 159.86
Pine 18.35 57.23 61.81 76.40 63.74 38.59 22.54 8.12 2.73 2.02 5.58 0.00 357.11
Poplar 17.47 42.13 86.56 157.70 83.57 30.33 9.34 10.97 0.76 0.58 0.83 0.00 440.25
Spruce 10.58 140.57 120.81 259.33 244.06 127.16 64.42 44.60 10.44 1.97 30.30 - 1 054.25
Subtotal 50.87 258.03 323.04 588.25 468.25 258.51 155.30 101.38 33.62 15.11 148.07 0.00 2 400.45
13 Hemlock - - - - 0.04 0.03 - - - - - - 0.06
Unclassified 0.46 - - - - - <0.01 - - - - 0.00 0.47
Cedar & other conifers - - 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.27 - - - - 0.55
Unspecified hardwoods 2.01 0.34 0.12 0.04 - - - - - - - - 2.50
Other hardwoods 0.02 0.07 1.69 0.12 0.78 2.13 0.19 0.03 - - - - 5.03
Maple 0.02 0.08 1.93 4.63 1.77 0.25 - - - - - - 8.70
Unspecified conifers 5.03 8.55 1.17 1.05 - - - - - - - - 15.79
Birch 12.42 17.56 17.72 28.97 25.73 8.21 1.25 0.14 - 0.98 - - 112.97
Larch 2.98 15.43 29.21 28.48 26.11 20.62 10.89 12.22 0.71 0.21 0.32 - 147.20
Fir 0.20 7.39 21.03 32.89 65.97 54.81 47.03 24.05 1.84 1.20 1.07 - 257.47
Pine 36.22 164.05 110.89 105.76 79.00 101.23 29.71 1.53 4.33 - - - 632.71
Poplar 12.94 43.85 42.37 115.90 377.68 52.55 2.15 0.49 - 2.17 0.78 - 650.87
Spruce 15.45 134.29 424.81 528.66 925.46 3 933.41 2 029.84 665.56 34.65 8.84 52.28 0.00 8 753.24
Subtotal 87.76 391.61 650.99 846.56 1 502.62 4 173.28 2 121.09 704.28 41.53 13.39 54.45 0.00 10 587.55
20 Unclassified 0.27 0.69 - - <0.01 - - - - - - 0.00 0.96
Unspecified hardwoods 1.22 1.08 2.53 0.24 0.56 0.06 - - - - - - 5.70
Unspecified conifers 1.44 8.15 0.89 0.55 0.21 - - - - - - - 11.24
Other hardwoods 0.07 1.76 6.61 4.71 8.23 1.15 0.48 0.69 0.03 0.10 0.12 - 23.94
Larch 0.44 5.27 9.34 19.16 19.58 18.55 6.67 2.45 1.14 0.65 1.18 0.00 84.42
Maple 0.33 5.80 30.02 41.53 45.67 9.67 0.32 0.84 - - - - 134.18
Birch 3.52 22.97 40.37 42.76 45.61 10.81 2.34 0.57 0.05 - - - 169.00
Douglas-fir - 0.10 7.23 7.57 33.34 38.65 16.63 17.52 5.31 3.64 52.97 - 182.96
Cedar & other conifers 0.01 0.56 3.12 3.08 6.00 7.33 2.13 8.20 8.16 12.78 259.17 - 310.53
Hemlock - 1.75 14.13 5.10 4.65 13.37 9.57 12.77 14.99 6.47 431.40 - 514.21
Fir 1.75 21.04 44.34 38.20 74.79 28.23 41.66 53.75 50.65 28.19 253.29 - 635.91
Poplar 9.66 51.44 125.38 223.38 144.66 62.36 18.70 3.25 0.32 1.49 4.82 - 645.47
Pine 15.86 67.18 64.68 137.37 161.37 110.30 129.20 103.03 51.86 12.96 57.21 - 911.02
Spruce 6.37 60.11 177.19 400.67 358.16 686.21 475.55 135.50 75.05 34.26 272.17 0.00 2 681.24
Subtotal 40.95 247.91 525.83 924.32 902.84 986.69 703.24 338.56 207.57 100.52 1 332.33 0.00 6 310.77
31 Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Hemlock - - - - - - - - 0.01 - 0.12 - 0.13
Unspecified hardwoods - - 0.16 - - - - - - - - - 0.16
Cedar & other conifers - - - - - - - - - 0.05 0.47 - 0.52
Other hardwoods - 0.04 0.21 0.85 0.26 0.57 - - - - - - 1.94
Fir - 0.06 1.92 0.37 - - 0.05 - - - - - 2.40
Birch 0.38 0.04 1.15 2.58 0.34 - - - - - - - 4.49
Douglas-fir - 0.81 0.82 0.31 0.37 0.86 0.69 0.64 0.41 0.00 2.38 - 7.31
Larch 0.03 0.77 0.88 2.89 1.54 1.04 1.27 0.58 0.15 - 0.20 - 9.36
Maple 1.37 0.94 3.92 1.42 5.66 0.10 - - - - - - 13.40
Pine 0.55 11.54 1.10 7.74 2.37 4.15 2.22 0.05 - - 0.09 - 29.80
Poplar 1.08 5.47 2.29 17.63 3.24 7.05 1.22 - - - - - 37.99
Spruce 0.32 4.82 4.64 12.99 10.22 5.21 2.88 16.93 4.02 0.12 0.03 - 62.17
Subtotal 3.73 24.51 17.08 46.77 24.01 18.97 8.34 18.19 4.60 0.16 3.30 0.00 169.66
32 Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified conifers 0.30 0.08 - - - - - - - - - - 0.38
Unspecified hardwoods 0.07 0.09 0.02 0.06 0.37 - - - - - - - 0.61
Larch 0.04 0.05 0.30 0.65 0.34 0.14 0.04 - - 0.05 - - 1.61
Fir <0.01 0.17 0.36 1.33 0.95 0.09 0.05 - - - <0.01 - 2.96
Hemlock - 0.00 0.64 0.07 0.54 0.23 0.35 - 0.72 - 2.37 - 4.91
Other hardwoods - 0.16 1.20 0.57 0.05 2.89 0.13 - - - - - 5.01
Cedar & other conifers <0.01 0.28 1.91 1.50 0.65 1.03 - - - 0.00 1.74 - 7.09
Birch 0.09 2.52 1.97 2.10 0.67 1.38 0.14 - - - - - 8.86
Maple 0.14 1.00 1.84 4.56 2.65 1.47 0.18 - - - - - 11.85
Douglas-fir 0.00 0.13 0.44 0.36 1.29 3.68 2.91 5.13 0.77 3.31 10.81 - 28.83
Pine 0.62 2.10 4.15 2.06 15.69 1.22 1.70 1.37 0.21 - 0.40 - 29.49
Spruce 0.15 10.54 5.40 11.77 6.11 7.71 5.98 9.06 0.06 0.69 0.35 - 57.83
Poplar 5.44 15.77 18.94 14.89 13.68 6.89 1.74 1.16 - 1.50 - - 80.01
Subtotal 6.85 32.89 37.18 39.92 42.99 26.72 13.22 16.71 1.76 5.55 15.66 0.00 239.44
33 Unclassified 0.07 0.38 - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.46
Unspecified hardwoods 0.13 0.39 0.51 - 0.04 0.04 - - - - - - 1.10
Unspecified conifers 0.35 1.71 0.08 0.05 <0.01 - - - - - - - 2.19
Other hardwoods <0.01 0.21 5.25 2.06 1.12 0.59 0.03 - 0.11 - 0.04 - 9.43
Birch 0.47 2.54 4.38 4.68 4.21 2.23 0.17 0.27 0.02 - - - 18.97
Maple 0.05 0.93 5.66 8.61 6.26 4.38 <0.01 0.04 - - 0.12 - 26.04
Larch 0.66 2.03 4.31 6.07 7.39 2.39 7.07 0.97 0.58 1.18 1.25 - 33.91
Cedar & other conifers 0.02 2.75 0.95 0.29 3.99 3.32 4.02 1.73 0.69 1.06 62.01 - 80.83
Douglas-fir 0.03 1.85 7.72 14.06 15.52 33.75 20.22 19.80 3.75 6.75 10.84 - 134.28
Poplar 13.17 18.35 41.19 51.55 32.23 24.73 24.28 10.48 0.05 1.79 1.12 - 218.95
Pine 14.44 23.88 20.66 50.18 52.96 33.44 28.16 15.17 6.48 5.94 5.35 - 256.65
Hemlock 0.06 6.52 16.56 3.53 10.05 2.70 7.21 6.62 7.07 2.55 202.22 - 265.08
Fir 0.14 3.64 10.45 9.81 7.06 15.29 18.67 26.16 36.03 38.43 113.91 - 279.59
Spruce 4.06 46.06 37.39 81.63 75.03 43.39 95.29 45.27 17.68 7.29 122.78 0.00 575.85
Subtotal 33.64 111.25 155.11 232.50 215.85 166.25 205.13 126.51 72.45 65.00 519.64 0.00 1 903.33
40 Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified hardwoods 0.03 - 0.02 - - - - - - - - - 0.05
Other hardwoods - - - 0.04 - 0.07 - - - - - - 0.10
Douglas-fir 0.00 - - - 0.22 0.64 - - - - - - 0.85
Unspecified conifers 0.02 0.77 0.24 - - - - - - - - - 1.03
Cedar & other conifers - 0.17 - - 0.11 0.16 - 0.11 - 0.11 2.66 - 3.32
Birch 0.99 0.81 1.21 0.66 0.87 - 0.03 0.98 - - - - 5.54
Fir 0.01 0.26 0.56 0.24 2.84 0.06 0.08 1.70 - - 1.62 - 7.38
Larch 0.07 0.70 2.80 3.18 2.51 1.19 2.40 1.49 - - 0.07 - 14.42
Pine 0.45 5.57 2.85 2.77 1.43 3.32 10.41 1.80 - - 0.52 - 29.11
Hemlock <0.01 0.10 0.53 - 0.01 - 0.97 0.94 1.13 0.62 61.67 - 65.97
Poplar 1.62 8.95 3.76 12.55 39.87 12.42 0.32 0.55 0.23 - - - 80.28
Spruce 0.53 5.48 16.75 32.65 41.55 395.78 103.89 29.80 8.15 5.45 13.19 - 653.22
Subtotal 3.71 22.81 28.72 52.09 89.43 413.63 118.10 37.38 9.51 6.18 79.72 0.00 861.27
50 Unclassified 2.18 2.93 0.02 0.01 - - - - - - - 0.00 5.14
Larch 0.67 3.73 13.17 7.81 3.61 4.44 0.97 2.05 0.75 - 1.39 - 38.60
Unspecified hardwoods 13.18 16.74 14.18 2.97 5.00 0.15 - - - - - 0.00 52.20
Unspecified conifers 18.22 27.14 9.44 4.34 0.72 - - - - - - 0.00 59.87
Other hardwoods 1.08 9.70 29.97 43.42 26.55 5.76 0.65 0.02 - 0.64 0.60 - 118.39
Cedar & other conifers 1.63 5.87 25.28 25.64 20.16 13.96 4.97 2.83 0.34 0.20 25.70 - 126.56
Hemlock 0.07 10.36 10.85 27.57 24.20 7.41 4.05 3.41 1.98 0.45 42.47 - 132.82
Pine 4.54 22.82 34.74 46.17 33.15 14.08 11.45 7.77 0.75 0.43 1.13 0.00 177.03
Birch 5.94 29.47 52.07 60.11 27.12 15.29 1.43 0.57 - - - - 192.00
Douglas-fir 0.31 10.02 44.68 49.23 33.91 42.06 58.55 13.35 8.48 7.78 24.36 - 292.72
Fir 8.73 61.32 120.14 94.67 31.18 6.86 3.14 0.45 - 2.69 0.72 - 329.91
Spruce 6.92 48.07 115.93 151.66 82.03 41.97 16.93 8.25 4.20 0.62 1.92 0.00 478.50
Maple 8.84 33.24 236.76 253.04 177.86 51.73 9.63 2.23 0.47 - - 0.00 773.77
Poplar 30.96 134.70 208.59 236.90 151.33 63.29 25.97 7.87 1.13 5.48 3.14 0.00 869.36
Subtotal 103.26 416.13 915.81 1 003.53 616.82 266.97 137.74 48.80 18.11 18.27 101.43 0.00 3 646.87
100 Unclassified 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.10 <0.01 - - - - - - 0.00 0.14
Unspecified hardwoods 0.53 0.32 0.26 0.02 0.20 0.00 - - - - - - 1.32
Unspecified conifers 0.90 1.75 0.19 - - - - - - - - - 2.84
Other hardwoods 0.01 0.10 0.73 0.78 0.35 0.10 0.49 - - - 0.31 - 2.87
Larch 0.12 0.22 0.80 1.03 0.78 0.18 0.29 0.03 0.02 <0.01 - 0.00 3.47
Maple 0.01 0.12 1.78 2.55 1.27 0.43 0.05 <0.01 0.01 - - - 6.22
Cedar & other conifers <0.01 0.01 0.35 0.40 0.61 0.12 0.01 0.28 0.13 - 5.12 - 7.03
Douglas-fir 0.00 0.03 0.50 0.58 0.90 1.82 1.54 1.83 0.31 0.09 1.65 - 9.25
Hemlock 0.00 0.03 0.56 0.71 0.22 0.05 1.27 0.12 0.12 0.11 6.38 - 9.57
Birch 0.47 2.43 4.18 5.38 5.55 1.64 0.58 0.13 - - - - 20.37
Fir 0.15 2.41 4.71 2.65 7.17 0.72 1.30 0.29 0.34 0.35 3.10 0.00 23.19
Pine 1.89 9.13 9.60 11.71 10.93 4.19 3.04 1.26 0.48 0.50 0.97 - 53.70
Poplar 3.58 5.17 11.85 17.15 19.65 10.07 3.41 1.73 0.43 0.33 0.82 - 74.19
Spruce 0.92 19.20 25.95 39.40 62.61 53.72 57.76 21.77 4.03 1.07 5.04 0.00 291.47
Subtotal 8.62 40.93 61.46 82.45 110.23 73.05 69.75 27.45 5.86 2.44 23.40 0.00 505.62
Canada Unclassified 6.99 6.18 0.19 0.29 0.16 0.21 0.07 0.14 0.05 - - 0.00 14.29
Unspecified hardwoods 66.45 32.02 19.82 3.53 9.12 0.36 0.15 - - - - 0.00 131.44
Other hardwoods 2.49 20.17 71.78 79.27 55.40 21.49 4.11 1.57 0.16 1.99 6.88 0.00 265.31
Unspecified conifers 114.56 134.52 30.21 7.27 1.41 - - - - - - 0.00 287.97
Larch 8.82 46.26 117.52 152.30 160.05 124.23 80.38 39.53 10.69 4.37 22.92 0.00 767.09
Cedar & other conifers 2.95 18.66 60.39 59.61 73.39 58.08 30.02 26.77 24.80 35.00 1 122.91 - 1 512.58
Maple 16.42 68.46 378.40 477.41 462.25 150.93 17.56 6.02 4.74 - 0.75 0.00 1 582.94
Birch 45.28 201.86 386.76 447.67 416.64 134.66 36.01 14.54 0.91 1.40 1.88 0.00 1 687.61
Douglas-fir 1.95 26.12 118.77 173.23 232.44 302.33 317.95 241.64 79.17 66.93 340.67 - 1 901.21
Hemlock 5.36 60.85 144.77 143.08 152.97 78.30 85.92 50.99 68.14 40.51 2 219.95 - 3 050.85
Fir 37.78 273.66 460.98 415.83 478.00 256.19 268.53 268.88 252.90 181.50 1 356.84 0.00 4 251.08
Pine 171.32 627.68 608.60 1 010.50 1 071.47 888.68 784.76 450.47 197.50 84.66 194.47 0.00 6 090.10
Poplar 207.37 566.71 955.40 1 984.78 1 793.49 847.65 419.89 156.28 21.70 20.05 20.95 0.00 6 994.27
Spruce 93.86 715.60 1 651.32 2 895.43 3 322.07 6 219.30 4 110.15 1 629.32 529.63 210.30 1 129.26 0.00 22 506.23
Subtotal 781.60 2 798.75 5 004.90 7 850.21 8 228.87 9 082.43 6 155.50 2 886.14 1 190.38 646.70 6 417.49 0.00 51 042.97
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data< (Version 3, November 2023) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.
Managed forest
Code Description
0 Not available
11 Long term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
12 Short term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
13 No current Crown timber dispostions
20 Legal protection status (IUCN class IA, IB, II, III, IV, V, VI equivalent)
31 Reserved by the Federal government for military or other purposes
32 Reserved by the Federal government under the Indian Act
33 Reserved or designated restricted use by provincial or territorial government
40 Aboriginal lands
50 Privately-owned lands
100 Water