Table 18.4a. Relative standard errors (%) of total above-ground biomass on forest land by species group, age class and managed forest region in Canada.
Managed forests Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
0 Larch - 62.94 51.94 74.90 102.37 - - - - - - - 35.19
Unspecified hardwoods 71.62 101.44 87.82 67.35 99.77 106.57 - - - - - - 43.07
Unspecified conifers 64.90 42.05 62.80 72.34 91.88 - - - - - - - 37.67
Unclassified - 102.84 90.04 73.27 68.80 71.91 102.84 98.98 98.98 - - 24.87 25.23
Other hardwoods 80.18 54.38 36.57 64.54 73.02 79.52 99.24 75.15 - - 96.88 - 36.72
Douglas-fir - 84.45 - 72.11 49.98 47.21 47.57 69.62 68.33 - 69.47 - 24.76
Birch 70.12 57.81 41.99 70.09 70.34 102.59 102.59 - - - - - 37.00
Fir 59.85 42.63 49.81 88.38 51.33 - 62.28 - - - 100.10 - 45.46
Hemlock - 66.23 63.47 50.15 63.71 57.76 60.16 99.26 56.56 72.50 21.82 - 16.21
Pine 103.40 57.63 52.96 61.51 59.78 79.51 98.03 - 96.40 100.81 80.21 - 39.25
Cedar & other conifers 89.87 75.28 60.46 64.68 86.07 59.05 85.16 69.46 79.09 41.73 14.18 - 17.55
Spruce 92.73 31.66 24.74 26.81 49.21 42.56 35.21 58.91 82.99 - 43.98 - 15.78
Poplar 82.11 62.41 39.41 55.64 95.98 95.84 - - - - - - 62.94
Maple 92.42 89.74 37.13 59.75 75.48 97.36 - - - - - 103.09 76.37
Subtotal 34.36 32.46 14.77 23.65 58.59 72.80 26.17 45.19 57.69 36.17 11.43 24.77 25.47
11 Unspecified hardwoods 10.35 16.35 44.59 83.51 47.47 100.01 95.21 - - - - - 8.54
Unclassified 63.82 35.82 76.60 74.95 71.47 103.75 100.03 - - - - 4.02 5.06
Other hardwoods 34.10 17.34 21.03 19.93 21.79 27.94 66.56 52.87 99.96 100.02 55.57 72.61 9.82
Unspecified conifers 7.99 10.18 26.72 57.43 57.20 - - - - - - - 6.32
Larch 25.37 11.12 10.12 8.77 10.21 11.45 13.08 24.97 30.40 49.56 32.36 64.80 4.51
Maple 31.40 17.44 11.45 12.67 10.07 21.50 45.29 52.78 97.85 - 90.29 - 6.02
Cedar & other conifers 25.53 25.15 27.31 24.78 13.05 15.01 17.03 20.55 25.87 25.44 10.57 - 8.34
Douglas-fir 29.35 21.81 20.28 30.99 15.33 13.97 13.20 15.15 15.43 20.37 13.36 - 5.70
Birch 10.02 6.92 6.54 6.07 6.26 13.41 16.29 33.24 40.83 92.13 63.29 62.34 3.10
Hemlock 22.36 20.24 18.58 26.18 19.76 19.44 18.52 19.86 18.35 30.03 8.32 - 6.33
Fir 12.68 6.38 6.22 7.59 5.85 10.73 9.65 10.65 11.56 12.97 7.79 62.10 3.15
Pine 8.70 5.77 7.40 6.47 5.83 6.81 6.95 9.29 12.40 19.27 15.64 86.24 2.48
Poplar 8.67 5.50 6.29 4.95 5.26 7.47 10.13 16.43 32.36 47.14 43.52 93.88 2.55
Spruce 9.29 4.65 4.34 2.95 2.93 3.79 3.53 5.75 7.78 10.90 7.58 34.57 1.41
Subtotal 3.55 2.41 2.50 2.26 2.05 2.80 2.79 4.06 5.06 6.68 4.12 3.98 1.02
12 Unspecified hardwoods 40.61 47.36 54.97 98.71 - - - - - - - - 27.15
Other hardwoods - 60.69 64.42 34.08 65.87 86.49 81.00 100.19 - - - - 28.81
Unspecified conifers 39.65 43.18 40.89 95.54 94.56 - - - - - - 100.64 30.81
Cedar & other conifers 63.79 69.94 62.37 46.28 64.61 69.05 59.49 100.09 101.01 93.01 43.94 - 28.85
Unclassified - 68.70 - - - - - - - - - 11.42 11.39
Birch 42.75 26.95 26.83 21.08 21.71 44.69 53.06 95.56 - - 100.49 - 12.43
Larch 76.35 28.99 18.12 18.26 24.11 29.37 33.45 41.19 61.19 83.76 90.24 - 10.21
Maple 65.72 31.49 35.57 16.66 26.34 76.45 75.39 98.93 98.93 - 100.49 - 13.45
Hemlock 99.37 66.87 67.36 41.46 72.78 75.40 46.45 86.72 52.89 100.92 44.11 - 24.50
Fir 62.93 31.04 20.71 27.66 30.88 54.85 41.52 48.69 38.34 53.74 39.30 - 16.58
Douglas-fir 54.28 56.82 51.06 42.66 28.54 25.72 24.72 26.55 44.70 47.33 27.75 - 10.75
Pine 20.45 14.73 15.07 12.16 13.48 19.62 23.57 43.44 42.65 56.04 54.87 100.64 5.94
Poplar 17.06 17.58 15.07 12.59 13.44 28.98 34.95 60.72 81.71 99.43 100.20 100.64 6.83
Spruce 18.91 11.31 10.12 8.84 8.01 13.48 15.25 22.01 33.37 36.03 31.31 - 4.16
Subtotal 10.25 7.58 6.96 5.60 5.85 9.17 10.05 14.33 18.19 26.19 17.89 11.40 2.80
13 Hemlock - - - - 103.62 103.62 - - - - - - 73.73
Cedar & other conifers - - 71.66 72.30 66.91 76.91 93.89 100.00 - - - - 48.84
Unspecified hardwoods 50.27 66.92 52.30 76.68 - - - - - - - - 41.43
Other hardwoods 72.07 62.39 44.46 59.08 30.60 22.10 66.09 99.98 - - - - 18.90
Maple 67.20 65.09 27.78 27.88 68.13 86.41 - - - - - - 20.72
Unspecified conifers 34.39 26.36 35.63 59.53 - - - - - - - - 18.63
Unclassified 82.41 - - - - - 100.02 - - - - 5.20 5.22
Birch 14.31 14.62 18.70 15.00 15.22 38.53 48.03 100.01 - 68.09 - - 7.34
Larch 21.35 10.60 8.54 10.42 15.51 15.38 15.60 25.35 47.00 62.68 59.85 - 5.29
Fir 42.28 33.29 20.71 19.26 12.28 17.64 15.79 26.84 49.87 84.27 99.98 - 6.89
Pine 12.54 7.52 8.90 9.12 11.44 15.86 29.90 90.53 71.19 - - - 4.64
Poplar 15.68 16.23 14.10 12.16 7.21 9.83 43.67 62.45 - 71.15 100.03 - 5.02
Spruce 13.29 6.07 4.83 4.74 4.05 2.77 3.10 4.13 20.77 35.85 20.12 57.82 1.54
Subtotal 6.83 4.25 3.80 3.75 3.22 2.66 3.02 4.05 18.82 28.07 19.53 5.18 1.36
20 Unspecified hardwoods 25.56 32.02 67.84 66.48 56.74 100.22 - - - - - - 32.85
Unclassified 76.80 99.91 - - 100.72 - - - - - - 14.52 15.48
Unspecified conifers 29.53 29.51 52.18 64.63 54.78 - - - - - - - 22.24
Other hardwoods 51.91 29.61 32.46 45.55 37.90 50.46 82.41 72.54 73.85 99.95 100.01 - 18.63
Larch 50.06 19.05 16.09 18.35 29.40 31.78 41.17 40.75 77.18 99.96 90.72 99.70 11.55
Maple 53.97 30.61 18.56 17.10 20.47 41.10 92.51 88.00 - - - - 10.28
Douglas-fir - 100.12 52.56 59.54 42.97 36.76 34.30 31.47 58.50 75.26 57.07 - 20.38
Birch 29.53 17.48 15.95 14.66 14.02 31.16 65.23 47.66 99.94 - - - 7.34
Cedar & other conifers 87.58 45.31 44.63 48.47 35.35 30.61 45.28 80.37 55.55 40.22 17.67 - 14.96
Hemlock - 67.13 46.20 49.50 27.73 43.90 30.87 57.89 41.42 49.61 15.54 - 13.12
Poplar 18.24 15.41 11.72 10.28 11.05 19.23 26.03 32.05 62.06 85.49 58.17 - 5.47
Fir 52.09 13.90 13.56 13.95 12.07 20.37 16.43 24.60 22.88 27.61 15.48 - 6.89
Pine 24.59 12.80 11.61 11.59 14.36 16.99 18.41 23.24 37.04 43.38 25.11 - 6.02
Spruce 25.66 11.46 8.97 6.86 5.80 6.71 6.68 12.69 18.94 24.06 12.83 96.04 2.96
Subtotal 11.32 5.88 5.04 4.42 4.48 5.50 5.78 9.80 13.07 14.27 7.66 14.35 2.25
31 Hemlock - - - - - - - - 114.37 - 114.37 - 97.71
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 39.13 39.13
Unspecified hardwoods - - 18.81 - - - - - - - - - 18.81
Cedar & other conifers - - - - - - - - - 114.37 114.37 - 104.38
Other hardwoods - 42.29 34.88 88.04 92.50 47.91 - - - - - - 43.96
Fir - 81.38 96.32 105.81 - - 56.19 - - - - - 82.08
Birch 18.59 55.73 80.42 82.59 114.39 - - - - - - - 54.70
Larch 86.79 60.75 37.84 43.20 39.26 32.26 41.21 50.52 99.74 - 99.74 - 18.20
Douglas-fir - 69.44 69.44 49.21 84.92 94.04 61.63 50.45 82.37 69.44 40.31 - 22.87
Maple 18.60 20.45 17.50 45.48 68.92 120.66 - - - - - - 29.29
Pine 71.18 28.46 35.83 28.87 33.50 45.26 70.13 99.74 - - 115.32 - 15.93
Poplar 62.85 29.77 37.64 50.24 43.92 41.85 85.02 - - - - - 24.83
Spruce 49.36 27.93 34.82 22.77 24.72 28.48 41.52 32.35 74.86 99.74 103.28 - 13.72
Subtotal 23.45 15.77 19.18 20.05 21.80 20.53 27.33 30.78 65.14 79.01 34.61 39.13 8.66
32 Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 40.77 40.77
Unspecified conifers 107.44 70.83 - - - - - - - - - - 85.83
Unspecified hardwoods 29.19 41.89 81.87 81.87 83.32 - - - - - - - 52.43
Larch 97.26 45.24 48.02 81.65 51.74 94.01 73.75 - - 99.11 - - 41.90
Fir 98.34 48.32 59.53 63.78 54.71 99.10 99.10 - - - 99.10 - 34.86
Hemlock - 99.54 81.15 101.28 90.52 77.50 99.88 - 91.71 - 82.07 - 43.00
Other hardwoods - 74.77 57.17 55.24 72.64 93.00 101.10 - - - - - 52.44
Cedar & other conifers 97.37 53.69 56.83 63.42 93.55 87.80 - - - 102.38 68.38 - 30.50
Birch 43.77 51.83 34.64 42.22 55.17 70.74 98.31 - - - - - 22.07
Maple 84.21 86.91 34.37 47.07 62.25 97.62 97.75 - - - - - 27.63
Pine 40.60 26.83 38.03 34.90 15.68 34.79 65.51 52.71 71.39 - 98.92 - 11.75
Douglas-fir 100.83 100.46 80.82 54.69 45.40 49.29 50.18 40.66 74.18 56.76 41.07 - 19.97
Spruce 69.14 42.88 26.10 31.02 30.66 29.79 37.41 97.85 99.54 92.92 64.43 - 18.48
Poplar 34.56 17.38 20.89 30.29 33.52 40.27 53.24 98.79 - 99.54 - - 11.44
Subtotal 28.77 16.87 12.68 16.06 14.02 19.51 23.24 50.87 50.91 44.89 32.38 40.77 6.96
33 Unspecified hardwoods 62.37 59.20 74.84 - 101.19 88.37 - - - - - - 41.61
Unspecified conifers 44.81 35.66 80.11 86.05 88.37 - - - - - - - 28.95
Unclassified 101.24 76.86 - - - - - - - - - 14.71 14.50
Other hardwoods 100.05 48.29 55.33 61.07 95.47 58.60 97.44 - 99.90 - 100.36 - 35.88
Birch 45.87 32.30 42.45 37.19 50.80 41.98 53.03 73.08 99.94 - - - 18.67
Larch 44.54 30.56 21.14 25.62 38.23 33.08 53.11 49.91 96.20 71.79 35.62 - 16.47
Maple 54.03 52.63 31.70 39.60 41.56 44.18 104.72 76.17 - - 100.35 - 19.68
Cedar & other conifers 66.82 47.76 51.46 70.93 71.13 79.51 62.11 58.56 66.86 71.14 25.29 - 20.15
Douglas-fir 44.30 59.20 44.71 38.17 23.94 33.73 24.76 30.50 48.56 49.94 40.75 - 12.34
Poplar 22.49 19.36 26.03 17.82 21.58 31.71 35.67 57.33 86.80 77.10 72.59 - 9.73
Pine 27.00 22.27 21.82 19.12 22.57 23.08 24.94 32.03 34.27 47.60 35.07 - 8.36
Hemlock 63.55 50.42 57.66 70.83 47.22 62.61 41.46 48.90 39.25 51.64 24.36 - 18.95
Fir 49.51 32.79 27.66 37.81 22.85 21.64 23.73 31.77 26.99 23.68 16.11 - 8.98
Spruce 30.74 19.98 15.53 14.89 13.82 16.45 13.50 21.13 29.01 29.98 18.41 115.03 6.10
Subtotal 14.17 10.50 11.29 8.60 8.79 11.03 9.22 13.06 16.29 16.56 11.23 14.71 4.02
40 Unspecified hardwoods 101.44 - 99.00 - - - - - - - - - 75.81
Other hardwoods - - - 66.70 - 61.89 - - - - - - 52.37
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 33.42 33.42
Douglas-fir 114.35 - - - 113.81 113.81 - - - - - - 90.53
Unspecified conifers 99.44 98.82 99.00 - - - - - - - - - 77.65
Cedar & other conifers - 96.31 - - 111.34 111.34 - 111.34 - 111.34 88.58 - 70.11
Birch 44.09 45.25 44.55 46.22 52.95 - 101.44 96.31 - - - - 25.31
Fir 100.87 61.77 59.20 62.29 54.27 100.36 74.02 96.07 - - 67.05 - 33.44
Larch 65.37 45.15 48.79 43.87 59.67 50.02 58.91 91.12 - - 99.94 - 22.56
Pine 54.58 43.32 33.98 55.82 41.85 79.26 55.04 99.58 - - 96.31 - 25.51
Hemlock 74.13 96.31 90.48 - 90.82 - 68.53 84.13 96.31 96.31 37.21 - 34.55
Poplar 39.69 49.05 36.06 43.88 23.94 18.57 74.97 74.54 96.31 - - - 14.74
Spruce 40.69 23.05 20.23 17.53 19.27 8.65 12.36 22.80 67.74 70.41 52.08 - 5.95
Subtotal 21.08 21.72 14.62 15.43 14.01 8.25 11.92 20.26 59.41 63.22 30.15 33.42 5.48
50 Unclassified 31.99 28.47 100.09 77.89 - - - - - - - 7.01 7.24
Larch 30.58 19.27 18.43 16.09 19.80 35.26 59.33 58.10 68.73 - 79.08 - 9.68
Unspecified hardwoods 11.64 17.78 19.38 55.50 28.82 100.01 - - - - - 100.79 9.47
Unspecified conifers 11.33 11.42 21.06 44.46 40.56 - - - - - - 73.53 7.75
Cedar & other conifers 46.25 20.50 13.60 11.58 12.97 20.61 28.32 41.93 74.48 74.37 44.35 - 9.47
Hemlock 76.70 40.29 24.76 34.85 39.44 39.25 42.26 84.83 46.28 71.02 33.97 - 15.40
Other hardwoods 28.25 22.30 12.85 12.84 15.48 40.72 52.85 100.20 - 100.45 83.47 - 7.28
Pine 40.64 14.72 11.73 14.58 13.68 19.84 22.05 34.55 71.96 75.51 51.50 100.09 6.14
Birch 19.02 10.11 9.35 12.85 14.15 21.51 46.27 98.27 - - - - 5.75
Douglas-fir 51.79 50.71 41.93 27.89 24.85 19.26 35.77 26.92 43.93 45.60 38.52 - 12.06
Fir 15.60 9.22 5.97 8.86 13.71 24.40 45.21 60.26 - 93.14 73.00 - 4.12
Spruce 15.69 9.34 6.08 5.14 8.13 14.52 15.06 28.57 37.90 51.55 53.82 100.56 3.16
Poplar 8.15 6.27 5.75 6.41 10.84 19.42 25.57 34.64 79.14 76.96 90.74 100.09 3.54
Maple 15.98 9.80 6.53 6.58 7.49 13.87 37.01 41.84 70.67 - - 100.79 3.60
Subtotal 4.69 3.68 3.34 3.27 4.30 6.90 16.73 13.72 24.56 32.90 20.48 6.99 1.79
100 Unspecified hardwoods 33.32 45.31 83.21 66.92 58.20 100.10 - - - - - - 25.75
Unclassified 99.93 103.18 103.18 83.73 100.67 - - - - - - 11.46 12.14
Larch 59.24 24.24 21.18 30.52 38.80 38.78 52.19 74.24 83.25 100.23 - 100.73 15.49
Unspecified conifers 26.92 32.64 49.25 - - - - - - - - - 22.02
Other hardwoods 62.23 95.26 41.88 32.10 71.12 57.83 97.98 - - - 100.58 - 28.22
Cedar & other conifers 100.69 70.56 52.36 32.79 37.02 37.59 51.79 53.30 63.49 - 30.68 - 22.31
Maple 82.39 40.90 19.90 15.70 17.79 48.30 43.77 100.07 100.17 - - - 9.99
Hemlock 100.08 95.94 61.63 40.18 37.97 68.29 47.26 82.62 75.63 99.28 29.87 - 21.10
Douglas-fir 90.37 82.08 68.57 69.58 91.45 48.76 39.50 53.39 93.42 100.06 37.32 - 20.33
Birch 32.19 20.24 17.24 15.82 15.93 25.30 38.26 56.22 - - - - 7.83
Fir 36.08 31.58 17.33 15.79 22.67 25.05 27.07 52.44 67.24 68.24 43.18 100.69 10.29
Pine 28.23 14.64 16.43 17.93 20.91 21.31 28.44 34.00 56.38 56.65 53.44 - 7.68
Poplar 27.04 14.87 14.48 13.30 13.24 31.70 25.98 32.78 78.41 50.63 49.17 - 7.20
Spruce 48.24 13.65 8.94 10.39 8.40 9.34 7.93 12.61 55.68 37.05 28.93 71.61 3.77
Subtotal 13.55 7.87 5.69 6.31 6.00 8.25 7.00 11.32 42.06 23.85 14.00 11.45 2.70
Canada Unspecified hardwoods 8.10 11.45 17.01 47.35 22.39 53.49 95.21 - - - - 100.79 5.96
Unclassified 38.30 21.86 57.25 46.20 51.34 67.41 70.42 98.98 98.98 - - 2.74 3.04
Other hardwoods 21.41 12.85 10.30 9.96 11.66 19.74 35.23 42.03 64.43 70.08 47.41 72.61 5.30
Unspecified conifers 6.57 7.26 17.29 29.64 27.80 - - - - - - 59.43 4.71
Larch 17.15 6.39 5.86 5.63 7.59 8.64 9.79 14.80 22.40 35.70 25.70 62.57 3.03
Cedar & other conifers 24.77 15.59 13.93 11.92 9.61 11.20 14.61 26.59 24.41 20.98 8.26 - 6.12
Birch 6.95 5.11 4.89 4.69 5.01 10.16 13.99 26.95 37.88 55.00 61.55 62.34 2.37
Douglas-fir 24.53 22.18 18.55 18.40 11.25 9.87 10.66 11.00 12.90 15.56 12.67 - 4.40
Maple 14.02 8.78 5.16 5.27 5.86 28.10 26.72 30.31 76.67 - 73.47 80.54 3.83
Hemlock 21.61 16.03 14.82 19.43 15.91 15.78 13.62 19.80 14.80 23.74 6.68 - 5.05
Fir 9.98 4.81 4.13 5.21 4.42 7.72 6.85 8.96 9.46 10.29 6.36 60.96 2.34
Pine 6.31 3.88 4.66 4.40 4.49 5.38 5.99 8.48 12.80 16.14 12.49 68.80 1.89
Poplar 5.64 3.73 3.86 3.45 3.84 5.75 8.53 13.93 28.24 30.04 28.29 73.25 1.79
Spruce 6.34 3.27 2.66 2.12 2.01 2.07 2.09 3.09 6.45 9.12 5.76 32.67 0.91
Subtotal 2.54 1.66 1.59 1.49 1.45 1.77 1.81 2.59 4.31 5.35 3.28 2.72 0.69
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data< (Version 3, November 2023) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.
Managed forest
Code Description
0 Not available
11 Long term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
12 Short term volume or area based Crown timber dispositions
13 No current Crown timber dispostions
20 Legal protection status (IUCN class IA, IB, II, III, IV, V, VI equivalent)
31 Reserved by the Federal government for military or other purposes
32 Reserved by the Federal government under the Indian Act
33 Reserved or designated restricted use by provincial or territorial government
40 Aboriginal lands
50 Privately-owned lands
100 Water