Table 14.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Fir - 12.33 29.16 14.78 9.87 21.43 0.29 - - - - - 87.87
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 188.72 188.72
Birch 258.19 184.98 182.18 151.75 80.90 43.34 34.11 8.75 2.22 - 5.24 - 951.66
Larch 71.40 177.41 281.12 357.04 221.16 136.29 79.75 33.33 4.20 4.04 16.32 - 1 382.06
Pine 206.86 384.26 358.69 404.00 210.96 98.73 105.68 61.53 6.12 0.08 2.37 - 1 839.28
Poplar 262.52 282.61 265.26 844.14 1 670.95 385.08 299.68 125.39 18.68 3.08 - - 4 157.39
Spruce 207.93 721.17 1 726.45 2 506.07 2 099.07 18 139.97 944.63 542.50 266.86 45.68 49.23 - 27 249.56
Subtotal 1 006.90 1 762.75 2 842.85 4 277.77 4 292.90 18 824.85 1 464.15 771.50 298.08 52.89 73.15 188.72 35 856.53
Taiga Shield Maple - - - 0.03 0.00 - - - - - - - 0.03
Unspecified conifers - - 0.17 - - - - - - - - - 0.17
Other hardwoods - - 0.27 4.27 35.95 37.45 0.12 - - - - - 78.05
Fir 0.28 4.66 19.11 1.88 30.65 2.86 81.29 10.86 1.75 - - - 153.36
Birch 178.17 87.01 34.98 10.78 11.14 33.74 0.39 - - - - - 356.21
Larch 34.58 149.13 222.29 162.09 116.90 66.57 50.32 32.04 2.33 2.51 3.18 - 841.94
Poplar 48.55 75.78 47.90 43.09 24.85 840.02 1.25 - - - - - 1 081.45
Pine 400.65 678.36 435.93 333.15 150.77 17.92 14.64 0.30 - - - - 2 031.71
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 4 330.13 4 330.13
Spruce 101.40 877.21 2 242.30 1 512.79 4 656.67 7 067.83 15 188.33 7 099.24 29.14 39.68 564.44 - 39 379.03
Subtotal 763.63 1 872.16 3 002.95 2 068.07 5 026.93 8 066.40 15 336.36 7 142.43 33.21 42.20 567.62 4 330.13 48 252.08
Boreal Shield Hemlock - 1.15 13.41 30.00 65.85 7.83 22.82 4.26 0.36 - - - 145.68
Other hardwoods 22.62 73.06 188.52 151.35 117.90 45.33 9.98 5.94 1.64 - - 4.28 620.61
Cedar & other conifers 1.62 19.30 100.66 125.35 200.38 117.32 60.04 21.59 15.50 - - - 661.77
Unspecified hardwoods 1 012.92 269.54 55.96 2.13 33.88 0.60 0.64 - - - - - 1 375.68
Larch 248.03 469.68 577.40 520.69 350.16 261.73 218.10 84.34 5.77 2.70 - 14.36 2 752.95
Unspecified conifers 1 838.69 1 306.55 189.86 25.40 4.18 - - - - - - 1.23 3 365.92
Maple 40.65 392.59 1 406.87 1 458.97 1 457.50 303.48 47.81 12.97 18.52 - - - 5 139.36
Unclassified 89.53 69.74 3.57 2.87 0.97 0.36 1.07 0.74 0.12 - - 6 193.47 6 362.44
Fir 357.65 1 647.37 1 957.11 1 144.81 1 948.74 340.72 320.46 70.74 30.18 1.40 3.28 4.38 7 826.84
Birch 693.56 1 705.62 1 996.16 1 921.49 1 854.47 461.97 89.12 17.97 0.61 2.79 - 2.46 8 746.23
Poplar 1 835.07 2 152.28 2 404.91 3 330.05 3 035.46 270.65 80.24 11.68 - 6.87 1.94 0.70 13 129.84
Pine 3 034.44 4 769.05 2 843.26 2 710.21 1 685.99 570.89 312.99 75.82 6.48 0.38 - 1.00 16 010.49
Spruce 1 769.26 7 465.45 10 947.59 12 522.27 13 848.42 8 917.27 9 141.47 1 202.47 285.16 34.12 15.43 65.43 66 214.34
Subtotal 10 944.04 20 341.37 22 685.29 23 945.58 24 603.88 11 298.15 10 304.75 1 508.54 364.36 48.27 20.64 6 287.29 132 352.15
Atlantic Maritime Hemlock 0.15 1.94 5.22 9.89 9.14 3.38 0.19 0.10 - - - - 30.01
Other hardwoods 23.80 109.25 7.80 10.70 4.42 0.04 - - - - - - 156.01
Larch 7.22 33.42 59.27 36.26 16.99 2.53 0.40 - - - - - 156.08
Cedar & other conifers 8.28 22.85 27.70 34.75 71.64 81.98 25.15 2.65 - - - - 275.00
Unspecified hardwoods 205.53 78.14 31.86 20.65 2.64 0.35 - - - - - 0.07 339.24
Pine 58.45 83.49 46.52 70.93 51.38 37.30 2.89 - - - - - 350.94
Unclassified 29.61 6.87 0.28 1.67 0.62 1.14 - - - - - 677.91 718.08
Unspecified conifers 585.21 315.69 66.87 34.56 4.33 - - - - - - 2.25 1 008.92
Poplar 174.13 218.58 265.15 264.78 125.70 27.18 - 0.64 - - - - 1 076.16
Birch 179.75 322.11 290.81 310.41 166.89 77.03 0.54 - - - - - 1 347.54
Maple 215.22 270.42 720.42 1 041.11 612.97 182.91 8.11 7.33 1.23 - 0.21 0.17 3 060.11
Fir 387.65 927.28 902.00 976.75 487.11 186.85 5.78 10.14 - - - - 3 883.55
Spruce 475.58 806.90 923.24 1 050.79 738.96 233.79 51.02 5.09 0.55 0.59 - 0.06 4 286.60
Subtotal 2 350.59 3 196.94 3 347.14 3 863.26 2 292.77 834.49 94.06 25.96 1.79 0.59 0.21 680.47 16 688.25
Mixedwood Plains Hemlock - - 4.93 8.88 15.06 3.29 - - - - - - 32.17
Unspecified conifers 21.22 14.14 3.49 0.22 - - - - - - - - 39.07
Larch 2.58 8.66 29.48 3.15 4.07 - - - - - - - 47.95
Spruce 11.63 27.57 29.50 17.47 4.30 - 0.59 - - - - - 91.06
Unspecified hardwoods 31.35 23.10 39.90 2.62 11.46 1.31 - - - - - - 109.74
Birch 8.22 51.94 35.67 9.24 6.35 1.51 0.01 - - - - - 112.95
Fir 1.96 15.44 69.60 19.86 1.97 3.06 1.11 - - - - - 112.98
Pine 14.94 70.77 60.30 32.52 8.17 1.92 1.55 0.36 - - - - 190.51
Unclassified 8.37 17.26 - - - - - - - - - 167.76 193.38
Poplar 10.20 79.51 131.41 75.77 20.26 11.98 0.49 - - - - - 329.62
Cedar & other conifers 2.76 65.41 152.56 110.95 40.53 7.74 2.94 4.51 - - - - 387.40
Other hardwoods 9.48 43.12 158.40 203.45 90.21 10.13 4.26 - - - - - 519.06
Maple 15.25 75.51 440.81 390.12 259.81 55.39 15.82 3.95 1.20 - - - 1 257.87
Subtotal 137.94 492.42 1 156.05 874.25 462.20 96.33 26.78 8.83 1.20 - - 167.76 3 423.76
Boreal Plains Unspecified hardwoods - 0.04 - - - - - - - - - - 0.04
Cedar & other conifers 0.10 0.05 0.55 - - - - 2.92 - - - - 3.61
Other hardwoods 0.10 2.52 3.22 3.84 - 0.05 - - 0.10 - - - 9.83
Maple 1.43 5.26 7.04 3.82 0.19 - - - - - - - 17.74
Fir 0.02 23.61 24.81 21.09 17.27 7.47 8.98 1.94 4.80 3.02 6.74 - 119.75
Birch 62.77 202.81 243.04 190.42 59.38 19.79 1.90 0.39 - - - 0.06 780.56
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 1 425.09 1 425.09
Larch 51.59 203.29 630.30 836.58 767.22 514.62 185.55 58.93 36.68 8.48 2.31 - 3 295.54
Pine 932.35 1 250.88 704.60 1 266.71 823.80 597.60 330.20 93.66 55.15 0.38 0.53 3.30 6 059.15
Poplar 1 509.18 1 794.35 2 211.68 4 454.35 2 739.64 1 450.36 540.00 103.80 14.64 0.93 - 0.03 14 818.97
Spruce 431.34 1 061.53 2 282.61 5 107.55 3 555.47 2 553.80 1 543.44 711.15 262.07 66.37 75.31 - 17 650.65
Subtotal 2 988.88 4 544.34 6 107.84 11 884.36 7 962.97 5 143.68 2 610.07 972.78 373.45 79.18 84.89 1 428.48 44 180.91
Prairies Fir 0.03 0.13 - 0.28 - - - - - - - - 0.44
Other hardwoods 0.07 0.12 0.38 - - - - - - - - - 0.57
Douglas-fir - - 0.37 0.60 0.01 - - - - - - - 0.98
Larch - 0.84 0.11 0.02 0.06 - - - - - - - 1.03
Maple 2.55 2.14 1.96 0.02 - - - - - - - - 6.67
Birch 4.06 2.40 0.73 - - - - - - - - - 7.18
Spruce 1.96 8.54 6.56 2.64 3.83 3.92 0.98 2.34 - - - - 30.76
Pine 0.27 3.55 26.53 0.15 <0.01 5.90 - - - - - - 36.42
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 272.63 272.63
Poplar 301.54 659.65 156.95 37.35 15.24 3.05 - 0.08 - - - - 1 173.86
Subtotal 310.47 677.38 193.60 41.06 19.14 12.87 0.98 2.42 - - - 272.63 1 530.55
Taiga Cordillera Larch 0.08 2.03 4.54 9.37 4.95 0.86 3.03 11.62 2.36 - - - 38.84
Poplar 11.36 7.63 21.34 8.77 0.86 4.19 0.67 - - - - - 54.81
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 77.16 77.16
Pine - 9.07 9.54 34.28 25.74 9.23 7.24 - - - - - 95.09
Birch 12.33 21.57 15.00 13.50 99.85 1.80 - - - - - - 164.04
Fir - 7.57 11.93 122.23 145.40 106.81 81.09 49.44 9.95 - - - 534.43
Spruce 14.88 211.55 704.42 599.26 337.63 182.75 3 578.86 61.50 33.62 1.79 - - 5 726.26
Subtotal 38.64 259.42 766.77 787.42 614.42 305.64 3 670.89 122.56 45.93 1.79 - 77.16 6 690.64
Boreal Cordillera Larch 3.35 7.15 6.24 12.08 8.29 4.58 3.78 0.82 - - - - 46.30
Unclassified - - - - 0.02 - - - - - - 235.20 235.22
Birch 64.69 106.48 308.60 150.36 40.52 65.41 4.47 3.90 0.56 - - - 744.99
Poplar 70.29 183.66 423.53 495.05 245.86 241.48 109.77 66.15 8.33 3.37 25.08 - 1 872.57
Fir 3.78 30.43 132.77 244.17 336.04 423.04 370.43 272.73 218.65 109.26 954.16 - 3 095.45
Pine 67.31 234.94 758.72 681.80 587.59 732.12 595.23 299.58 159.71 29.88 195.44 - 4 342.31
Spruce 48.44 221.25 902.88 1 291.11 1 673.24 2 578.89 1 509.96 981.47 641.80 115.45 1 149.73 - 11 114.21
Subtotal 257.86 783.91 2 532.74 2 874.58 2 891.55 4 045.51 2 593.66 1 624.65 1 029.05 257.96 2 324.40 235.20 21 451.06
Pacific Maritime Unspecified hardwoods 0.24 - - 0.18 - - - - - - - - 0.42
Birch 3.15 9.45 1.57 7.74 11.59 8.85 6.17 2.32 - - 1.31 - 52.15
Maple 1.08 2.50 8.53 13.63 29.47 0.06 0.50 - - - 1.29 - 57.06
Poplar - 1.26 7.80 12.66 36.53 62.70 11.10 17.91 1.03 6.99 15.29 - 173.27
Other hardwoods 7.63 19.75 93.39 55.46 32.00 14.79 2.30 0.44 0.20 2.77 13.89 - 242.64
Pine 0.86 15.35 0.81 9.03 18.48 49.63 24.04 32.17 4.08 28.24 64.78 - 247.47
Spruce - 47.81 54.39 1.88 14.34 5.00 5.51 5.24 11.26 8.60 108.19 - 262.23
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 266.00 266.00
Douglas-fir 109.12 94.85 235.75 233.42 113.26 113.83 88.77 52.30 31.48 35.21 210.05 - 1 318.05
Fir 51.67 133.86 38.20 30.39 22.85 33.95 42.04 42.83 38.28 38.45 1 099.27 - 1 571.78
Cedar & other conifers 65.07 53.49 45.61 32.06 18.40 23.90 14.26 45.63 61.30 130.02 1 992.75 - 2 482.50
Hemlock 214.63 368.98 330.36 219.02 195.71 120.33 129.34 68.90 125.35 61.44 3 265.53 - 5 099.60
Subtotal 453.46 747.32 816.42 615.48 492.63 433.04 324.04 267.74 273.00 311.71 6 772.34 266.00 11 773.19
Montane Cordillera Other hardwoods - - 0.14 - - - - 3.80 - 0.53 - - 4.47
Birch 27.00 35.94 68.16 41.72 55.10 42.03 25.59 19.89 0.97 0.87 0.46 - 317.73
Larch 35.84 7.77 7.40 31.82 90.91 68.78 47.52 29.63 21.20 12.83 65.37 - 419.07
Cedar & other conifers 10.46 30.40 32.66 17.24 15.68 19.66 16.99 10.75 8.66 9.90 248.01 - 420.40
Hemlock 10.46 14.55 50.72 27.76 58.51 57.63 58.01 51.29 48.05 53.83 494.26 - 925.06
Poplar 61.69 117.22 149.36 211.46 420.78 233.54 188.50 91.83 11.36 12.21 14.16 - 1 512.12
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 2 212.07 2 212.07
Douglas-fir 91.46 118.68 156.05 200.12 580.90 718.29 780.16 656.78 244.80 190.69 724.56 - 4 462.51
Fir 88.22 174.09 224.39 244.93 366.32 522.87 665.05 781.57 782.35 642.22 2 521.87 - 7 013.88
Spruce 481.01 631.40 271.97 326.12 517.41 728.17 1 009.01 994.11 549.56 397.33 1 953.44 - 7 859.53
Pine 1 334.99 1 175.64 366.80 780.29 1 749.88 1 434.02 1 282.46 832.30 365.84 227.58 531.36 - 10 081.17
Subtotal 2 141.12 2 305.69 1 327.66 1 881.47 3 855.49 3 825.00 4 073.30 3 471.94 2 032.80 1 547.99 6 553.49 2 212.07 35 228.03
Hudson Plains Other hardwoods - 0.18 - - - 0.04 - - - - - - 0.22
Unspecified conifers - - 1.04 - - - - - - - - - 1.04
Cedar & other conifers - - 1.10 0.41 0.68 0.51 0.03 0.45 - - - - 3.19
Fir 0.22 11.46 16.62 3.40 1.03 1.41 - - - - - - 34.14
Birch 13.56 11.28 5.85 5.98 0.40 1.67 - - - - - - 38.75
Poplar 13.32 11.35 16.81 10.29 79.39 4.87 1.71 - - - - - 137.74
Pine 28.14 116.44 26.39 22.94 17.68 13.40 - - - - - - 224.99
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 581.15 581.15
Larch 7.44 127.15 155.16 72.75 127.03 71.10 15.30 128.54 2.81 0.19 - - 707.49
Spruce 5.44 814.76 1 449.94 916.62 514.50 3 221.92 2 710.32 224.57 5.37 0.05 - - 9 863.50
Subtotal 68.13 1 092.61 1 672.91 1 032.40 740.72 3 314.93 2 727.36 353.55 8.19 0.25 - 581.15 11 592.21
Canada Other hardwoods 63.69 248.01 452.14 429.07 280.47 107.83 16.67 10.18 1.94 3.30 13.89 4.28 1 631.47
Unspecified hardwoods 1 250.04 370.82 127.72 25.59 47.97 2.27 0.64 - - - - 0.07 1 825.11
Cedar & other conifers 88.29 191.49 360.85 320.77 347.30 251.11 119.42 88.49 85.46 139.92 2 240.76 - 4 233.87
Unspecified conifers 2 445.12 1 636.39 261.43 60.18 8.51 - - - - - - 3.48 4 415.12
Douglas-fir 200.59 213.54 392.16 434.14 694.17 832.12 868.92 709.08 276.29 225.90 934.61 - 5 781.54
Hemlock 225.24 386.61 404.64 295.54 344.27 192.47 210.36 124.56 173.76 115.27 3 759.79 - 6 232.51
Maple 276.19 748.43 2 585.63 2 907.69 2 359.94 541.84 72.25 24.25 20.96 - 1.50 0.17 9 538.84
Larch 462.10 1 186.53 1 973.32 2 041.86 1 707.72 1 127.08 603.76 379.23 75.37 30.76 87.17 14.36 9 689.26
Birch 1 505.44 2 741.58 3 182.74 2 813.41 2 386.59 757.15 162.31 53.23 4.37 3.66 7.00 2.52 13 620.01
Unclassified 127.51 93.86 3.85 4.53 1.60 1.49 1.07 0.74 0.12 - - 16 627.30 16 862.09
Fir 891.48 2 988.23 3 425.71 2 824.56 3 367.26 1 650.47 1 576.52 1 240.24 1 085.96 794.35 4 585.31 4.38 24 434.47
Poplar 4 297.86 5 583.88 6 102.11 9 787.76 8 415.51 3 535.08 1 233.42 417.49 54.05 33.45 56.47 0.73 39 517.80
Pine 6 079.24 8 791.79 5 638.09 6 346.02 5 330.43 3 568.65 2 676.92 1 395.71 597.38 286.54 794.47 4.30 41 509.54
Spruce 3 548.87 12 895.15 21 541.85 25 854.57 27 963.84 43 633.31 35 684.13 11 829.68 2 085.40 709.67 3 915.76 65.48 189 727.71
Total 21 461.65 38 076.32 46 452.22 54 145.69 53 255.60 56 200.89 43 226.40 16 272.90 4 461.06 2 342.81 16 396.74 16 727.07 369 019.35
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 3.1, October 2025) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.