Table 14.1. Area (1000 ha) of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Spruce 210.19 675.76 1 578.24 2 360.35 2 089.17 18 058.29 911.83 552.87 259.52 45.58 49.20 0.00 26 791.00
Poplar 261.89 281.63 262.59 868.10 1 681.41 359.44 299.87 125.37 18.68 3.08 0.00 0.00 4 162.06
Pine 206.62 363.34 355.27 402.05 211.48 99.08 102.76 61.52 6.12 0.08 2.37 0.00 1 810.69
Larch 70.86 150.30 232.54 342.43 218.39 136.21 79.68 33.29 4.20 4.04 16.31 0.00 1 288.25
Birch 263.47 180.34 180.20 153.10 78.26 41.53 32.41 8.75 2.22 0.00 5.24 0.00 945.51
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 207.33 207.33
Fir 0.00 12.32 28.09 14.76 9.86 21.40 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.72
Subtotal 1 013.03 1 663.69 2 636.93 4 140.79 4 288.56 18 715.96 1 426.83 781.81 290.74 52.79 73.12 207.33 35 291.57
Taiga Shield Spruce 101.36 876.77 2 240.32 1 511.52 4 656.85 7 065.06 15 196.71 7 095.85 29.12 39.65 563.96 0.00 39 377.16
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 330.64 4 330.64
Pine 400.61 678.24 435.78 333.10 150.73 17.92 14.63 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 031.29
Poplar 48.55 75.77 47.90 43.08 24.79 841.22 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 082.57
Larch 34.56 149.07 222.82 161.99 116.83 66.54 50.32 32.03 2.33 2.50 3.18 0.00 842.16
Birch 178.13 86.97 34.97 10.78 11.14 33.73 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 356.11
Fir 0.28 4.66 19.10 1.88 30.80 2.86 81.25 10.86 1.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 153.44
Other hardwoods 0.00 0.00 0.27 4.27 35.92 37.43 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.02
Unspecified conifers 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17
Maple 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03
Subtotal 763.48 1 871.48 3 001.33 2 066.64 5 027.05 8 064.76 15 344.67 7 139.03 33.19 42.16 567.13 4 330.64 48 251.57
Boreal Shield Spruce 1 690.27 7 289.54 11 142.01 12 670.25 13 782.18 8 826.97 9 154.59 1 191.18 285.31 34.26 15.45 65.85 66 147.85
Pine 3 094.90 4 737.50 2 867.56 2 716.16 1 690.47 582.07 312.90 75.82 6.48 0.38 0.00 1.00 16 085.25
Poplar 1 892.54 2 168.50 2 434.51 3 308.60 3 027.47 272.27 80.34 11.70 0.00 6.91 1.95 0.70 13 205.50
Birch 692.99 1 680.53 1 993.89 1 913.24 1 829.71 462.12 89.77 18.00 0.61 2.81 0.00 2.48 8 686.16
Fir 345.34 1 595.56 1 860.78 1 129.54 1 957.88 339.73 354.15 72.12 31.74 1.41 3.30 4.39 7 695.94
Unclassified 89.63 67.97 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 360.05 6 518.76
Maple 40.65 392.65 1 407.37 1 457.94 1 458.16 303.62 47.80 12.97 18.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 139.68
Unspecified conifers 1 840.84 1 308.00 190.08 25.47 4.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.23 3 369.86
Larch 253.29 476.82 580.91 508.40 343.63 262.47 212.72 69.30 5.78 2.72 0.00 14.45 2 730.50
Unspecified hardwoods 1 012.40 269.86 56.03 2.13 33.92 0.60 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 375.58
Cedar & other conifers 1.62 19.30 100.68 125.33 199.70 117.30 60.02 21.58 15.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 661.02
Other hardwoods 22.74 73.24 191.60 173.26 119.32 45.40 10.24 6.06 1.64 0.00 0.00 4.30 647.80
Hemlock 0.00 1.14 13.42 29.99 65.89 7.83 22.81 4.26 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.71
Subtotal 10 977.22 20 080.60 22 839.95 24 060.31 24 512.56 11 220.39 10 346.00 1 482.99 365.93 48.49 20.70 6 454.45 132 409.59
Atlantic Maritime Spruce 476.53 806.47 918.46 1 047.47 740.37 234.25 51.13 5.11 0.56 0.60 0.00 0.06 4 280.99
Fir 387.19 924.98 899.78 979.93 488.47 187.56 5.79 10.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 883.86
Maple 215.56 270.44 721.95 1 041.67 614.49 183.53 8.13 7.34 1.24 0.00 0.21 0.17 3 064.72
Birch 179.74 321.83 289.11 311.30 167.45 77.31 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 347.27
Poplar 174.09 217.34 262.57 263.91 125.97 27.27 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 071.78
Unspecified conifers 585.62 316.45 67.07 34.61 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.26 1 010.41
Unclassified 29.74 6.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 677.38 713.72
Pine 58.54 83.61 45.88 71.02 51.18 37.38 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 350.51
Unspecified hardwoods 205.78 78.47 31.89 20.71 2.65 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 339.94
Cedar & other conifers 8.29 22.89 27.80 34.86 71.83 82.23 25.21 2.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 275.76
Larch 7.24 33.32 59.04 36.36 17.04 2.54 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 155.93
Other hardwoods 23.73 108.14 6.88 10.48 4.42 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 153.68
Hemlock 0.15 1.94 5.24 9.93 9.16 3.39 0.19 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.09
Subtotal 2 352.19 3 192.47 3 335.66 3 862.23 2 297.42 835.85 94.27 26.03 1.79 0.60 0.21 679.95 16 678.66
Mixedwood Plains Maple 15.25 75.50 440.56 390.06 259.78 55.38 15.82 3.95 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 257.50
Other hardwoods 9.47 43.11 158.37 203.41 90.19 10.13 4.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 518.95
Cedar & other conifers 2.76 65.40 152.53 110.92 40.52 7.74 2.94 4.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 387.32
Poplar 10.20 79.49 131.39 75.76 20.25 11.98 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 329.57
Unclassified 8.37 17.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 167.71 193.34
Pine 14.94 70.75 60.29 32.51 8.16 1.92 1.55 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 190.48
Birch 8.22 51.94 35.66 9.24 6.35 1.51 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 112.94
Fir 1.96 15.44 69.51 19.79 1.97 3.06 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 112.82
Unspecified hardwoods 31.35 23.10 39.90 2.62 11.46 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.75
Spruce 11.63 27.57 29.49 17.47 4.30 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.05
Larch 2.58 8.66 29.49 3.15 4.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.95
Unspecified conifers 21.23 14.14 3.49 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.07
Hemlock 0.00 0.00 4.94 8.88 15.06 3.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.17
Subtotal 137.94 492.36 1 155.62 874.03 462.13 96.32 26.78 8.82 1.20 0.00 0.00 167.71 3 422.92
Boreal Plains Spruce 430.10 1 104.61 2 243.22 5 179.22 3 486.00 2 497.14 1 546.28 716.95 262.53 66.37 73.31 0.00 17 605.73
Poplar 1 497.86 1 791.77 2 165.22 4 428.52 2 741.71 1 441.36 534.21 102.97 14.64 0.93 0.00 0.03 14 719.22
Pine 929.11 1 243.22 685.17 1 266.53 825.91 597.80 331.43 93.68 55.16 0.38 0.53 3.29 6 032.21
Larch 50.88 213.74 642.18 848.36 774.91 546.30 187.36 60.33 36.67 8.47 2.31 0.00 3 371.50
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 449.41 1 449.41
Birch 62.42 201.72 229.15 182.88 62.94 19.79 1.90 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 761.25
Fir 0.02 23.62 23.61 16.11 15.48 5.76 8.05 1.94 4.80 3.02 6.74 0.00 109.16
Maple 1.43 5.26 7.04 4.31 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.22
Other hardwoods 0.10 2.52 4.70 3.84 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.31
Cedar & other conifers 0.10 0.05 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69
Unspecified hardwoods 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04
Subtotal 2 972.02 4 586.55 6 000.82 11 929.76 7 907.14 5 108.20 2 609.22 976.25 373.91 79.17 82.89 1 452.80 44 078.74
Prairies Poplar 301.86 659.49 156.89 37.35 15.23 3.05 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 173.95
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 272.62 272.62
Pine 0.27 3.55 26.53 0.15 <0.01 5.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.41
Spruce 1.96 8.54 6.56 2.64 3.83 3.92 0.98 2.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.75
Birch 4.06 2.40 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.18
Maple 2.55 2.14 1.96 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.67
Larch 0.00 0.84 0.11 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03
Douglas-fir 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.60 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98
Other hardwoods 0.07 0.12 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58
Fir 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44
Subtotal 310.79 677.22 193.55 41.05 19.13 12.87 0.98 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 272.62 1 530.63
Taiga Cordillera Spruce 5.01 106.11 591.08 574.03 333.68 181.74 3 572.62 61.29 33.58 1.79 0.00 0.00 5 460.93
Fir 0.00 4.15 11.93 122.20 145.39 106.72 80.86 49.30 9.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 530.25
Birch 3.35 19.69 14.83 13.49 102.25 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 155.41
Pine 0.00 8.84 9.54 34.25 25.73 9.23 7.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 94.83
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.16 77.16
Poplar 0.95 7.63 21.32 8.77 0.86 4.19 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.39
Larch 0.08 1.29 4.11 9.17 4.88 0.85 2.96 11.33 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.97
Subtotal 9.39 147.71 652.81 761.91 612.80 304.52 3 664.34 121.91 45.59 1.79 0.00 77.16 6 399.93
Boreal Cordillera Spruce 47.60 211.01 876.62 1 276.85 1 676.20 2 586.66 1 483.13 971.78 636.30 112.41 1 151.66 0.00 11 030.22
Pine 54.22 180.87 739.77 680.97 586.58 730.71 594.77 297.98 157.35 29.87 195.41 0.00 4 248.52
Fir 1.17 17.29 77.84 218.28 334.45 422.57 370.14 266.95 218.62 109.24 954.05 0.00 2 990.60
Poplar 59.49 178.80 422.68 494.47 245.27 241.29 108.54 66.13 8.33 3.37 25.08 0.00 1 853.44
Birch 63.09 103.56 307.78 150.11 40.46 65.31 4.47 3.90 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 739.25
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 322.14 322.14
Larch 1.01 2.94 4.15 11.99 8.28 4.58 3.78 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.56
Subtotal 226.58 694.48 2 428.84 2 832.66 2 891.24 4 051.13 2 564.84 1 607.57 1 021.16 254.89 2 326.21 322.14 21 221.72
Pacific Maritime Hemlock 217.06 371.06 331.74 219.07 195.93 119.12 127.81 69.61 122.68 61.27 3 289.82 0.00 5 125.16
Cedar & other conifers 64.11 52.88 45.46 31.71 17.94 24.17 11.93 46.24 61.15 129.64 1 938.71 0.00 2 423.94
Fir 52.26 135.37 38.63 30.38 23.64 34.33 42.48 43.25 40.37 42.22 1 095.35 0.00 1 578.28
Douglas-fir 111.17 94.75 235.24 231.10 105.45 109.19 81.43 50.44 30.30 34.57 209.96 0.00 1 293.60
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 552.99 552.99
Spruce 0.00 48.23 54.56 1.89 11.14 4.78 5.25 4.59 8.82 8.70 103.70 0.00 251.65
Pine 0.87 15.53 0.82 8.74 18.64 48.45 22.57 32.23 3.88 25.55 63.15 0.00 240.42
Other hardwoods 7.67 19.59 89.43 54.97 31.84 13.52 2.22 0.03 0.21 2.80 13.46 0.00 235.73
Poplar 0.00 1.28 7.60 10.61 34.12 59.53 9.91 16.64 1.05 7.07 14.54 0.00 162.34
Maple 1.09 2.44 8.62 13.35 29.26 0.06 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.00 56.63
Birch 3.18 9.55 1.59 7.83 11.72 8.24 6.24 2.35 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.00 52.03
Unspecified hardwoods 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19
Subtotal 457.41 750.67 813.70 609.84 479.67 421.39 310.36 265.38 268.44 311.81 6 731.30 552.99 11 972.94
Montane Cordillera Pine 1 309.05 1 161.12 362.06 783.41 1 768.02 1 433.78 1 282.48 822.85 366.46 227.41 531.01 0.00 10 047.63
Spruce 471.85 624.80 263.59 318.63 516.65 729.24 1 008.10 986.44 544.11 393.04 1 951.70 0.00 7 808.16
Fir 79.44 171.43 219.69 244.04 367.48 517.80 655.00 781.04 779.86 638.23 2 533.02 0.00 6 987.04
Douglas-fir 87.76 121.92 157.89 199.64 556.08 701.79 768.67 629.15 238.86 180.19 698.23 0.00 4 340.17
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 078.86 2 078.86
Poplar 59.70 102.89 130.18 203.81 395.28 214.57 180.63 89.27 11.36 6.61 14.15 0.00 1 408.45
Hemlock 9.47 16.19 50.70 31.09 55.72 57.60 57.96 50.84 48.06 53.81 496.41 0.00 927.84
Cedar & other conifers 9.25 33.81 29.40 15.22 16.49 18.25 16.99 10.74 8.68 9.89 247.19 0.00 415.92
Larch 30.85 7.77 7.40 31.81 90.87 68.75 47.50 29.61 21.20 12.82 65.34 0.00 413.90
Birch 24.64 35.92 68.70 36.45 53.73 38.62 23.37 17.96 0.97 0.87 0.46 0.00 301.69
Other hardwoods 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.79 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 4.46
Subtotal 2 082.00 2 275.86 1 289.76 1 864.09 3 820.31 3 780.40 4 040.69 3 421.68 2 019.55 1 523.39 6 537.52 2 078.86 34 734.12
Hudson Plains Spruce 5.43 814.49 1 449.53 916.36 514.34 3 220.82 2 710.43 224.50 5.37 0.05 0.00 0.00 9 861.31
Larch 7.44 127.11 155.02 72.63 126.96 71.09 15.30 128.51 2.81 0.19 0.00 0.00 707.07
Unclassified 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 580.85 580.85
Pine 28.13 116.36 26.38 22.93 17.65 13.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 225.37
Poplar 13.32 11.35 16.81 10.29 79.38 4.87 1.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 137.71
Birch 13.56 11.27 5.85 5.98 0.40 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.74
Fir 0.22 11.44 16.61 3.40 1.03 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.11
Cedar & other conifers 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.41 0.68 0.51 0.03 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.19
Unspecified conifers 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04
Other hardwoods 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22
Subtotal 68.10 1 092.19 1 672.34 1 032.00 740.44 3 314.33 2 727.47 353.46 8.19 0.25 0.00 580.85 11 589.61
Canada Spruce 3 451.94 12 593.90 21 393.67 25 876.66 27 814.69 43 408.85 35 641.64 11 812.91 2 065.22 702.45 3 908.97 65.91 188 736.81
Pine 6 097.24 8 662.94 5 615.05 6 351.83 5 354.56 3 578.18 2 673.21 1 384.73 595.44 283.68 792.47 4.30 41 393.61
Poplar 4 320.45 5 575.94 6 059.67 9 753.24 8 391.74 3 481.04 1 217.62 412.81 54.06 27.96 55.72 0.73 39 350.99
Fir 867.90 2 916.39 3 265.58 2 780.58 3 376.43 1 643.20 1 599.13 1 235.64 1 086.84 794.12 4 592.47 4.39 24 162.67
Unclassified 127.74 91.83 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17 077.13 17 297.80
Birch 1 496.85 2 705.73 3 162.47 2 794.40 2 364.42 751.63 159.09 51.35 4.37 3.68 7.02 2.54 13 503.54
Larch 458.79 1 171.85 1 937.76 2 026.31 1 705.92 1 159.33 600.01 365.23 75.28 30.75 87.14 14.45 9 632.82
Maple 276.54 748.43 2 587.49 2 907.36 2 361.89 542.58 72.26 24.26 20.96 0.00 1.51 0.17 9 543.45
Hemlock 226.67 390.33 406.03 298.94 341.76 191.24 208.78 124.81 171.09 115.08 3 786.23 0.00 6 260.97
Douglas-fir 198.93 216.66 393.51 431.34 661.54 810.97 850.10 679.59 269.16 214.75 908.20 0.00 5 634.74
Unspecified conifers 2 447.69 1 638.59 261.85 60.29 8.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.49 4 420.55
Cedar & other conifers 86.12 194.33 357.52 318.46 347.15 250.19 117.13 86.17 85.33 139.53 2 185.89 0.00 4 167.84
Unspecified hardwoods 1 249.53 371.47 127.82 25.66 48.02 2.27 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1 825.49
Other hardwoods 63.77 246.90 451.79 450.23 281.69 106.61 16.84 9.88 1.95 3.33 13.46 4.30 1 650.75
Total 21 370.16 37 525.28 46 021.29 54 075.32 53 058.45 55 926.11 43 156.45 16 187.37 4 429.69 2 315.33 16 339.08 17 177.49 367 582.02
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 2, November 2022) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.