Table 14.1b. Confidence interval (1000 ha) of area of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Fir - ±24.23 ±39.44 ±23.57 ±14.03 ±35.07 ±0.58 - - - - - ±64.23
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±118.44 ±118.44
Birch ±105.51 ±77.16 ±72.04 ±46.78 ±28.95 ±24.65 ±20.83 ±8.20 ±2.21 - ±9.55 - ±162.81
Larch ±41.72 ±57.71 ±68.15 ±113.33 ±59.23 ±47.90 ±42.60 ±26.66 ±4.83 ±4.71 ±20.60 - ±177.07
Pine ±82.29 ±102.63 ±110.93 ±114.58 ±75.95 ±45.51 ±51.57 ±54.44 ±10.59 ±0.17 ±4.66 - ±237.34
Poplar ±116.48 ±84.63 ±80.30 ±189.44 ±256.77 ±114.38 ±113.96 ±67.41 ±19.73 ±4.55 - - ±400.02
Spruce ±85.98 ±159.51 ±272.82 ±304.22 ±259.80 ±913.84 ±166.31 ±152.93 ±92.54 ±31.84 ±39.21 - ±1 079.16
Subtotal ±201.50 ±230.24 ±323.38 ±396.42 ±379.12 ±924.34 ±213.44 ±177.97 ±95.36 ±32.50 ±45.55 ±118.44 ±1 207.04
Taiga Shield Maple - - - ±0.05 <0.01 - - - - - - - ±0.05
Unspecified conifers - - ±0.34 - - - - - - - - - ±0.34
Other hardwoods - - ±0.52 ±4.36 ±18.42 ±18.28 ±0.23 - - - - - ±26.32
Fir ±0.55 ±4.17 ±23.01 ±1.96 ±19.65 ±3.45 ±22.26 ±10.44 ±2.91 - - - ±39.52
Birch ±84.82 ±50.04 ±21.31 ±5.67 ±7.51 ±17.26 ±0.77 - - - - - ±102.66
Larch ±26.63 ±53.64 ±43.68 ±54.64 ±71.46 ±42.37 ±50.47 ±34.93 ±2.23 ±2.83 ±3.91 - ±138.48
Poplar ±47.54 ±34.81 ±35.57 ±26.80 ±27.93 ±139.48 ±1.63 - - - - - ±160.29
Pine ±135.02 ±169.77 ±126.52 ±102.35 ±70.25 ±12.20 ±10.36 ±0.58 - - - - ±280.58
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±400.57 ±400.57
Spruce ±55.88 ±176.07 ±328.60 ±244.55 ±554.47 ±657.96 ±869.97 ±527.13 ±25.86 ±47.03 ±225.70 - ±1 425.06
Subtotal ±177.53 ±257.75 ±357.96 ±272.10 ±564.84 ±674.51 ±871.78 ±528.39 ±26.11 ±47.11 ±225.73 ±400.57 ±1 525.66
Boreal Shield Hemlock - ±1.98 ±8.35 ±18.07 ±25.66 ±7.88 ±17.09 ±8.37 ±0.71 - - - ±38.51
Other hardwoods ±14.86 ±28.62 ±52.69 ±48.41 ±43.17 ±26.84 ±8.45 ±5.93 ±2.93 - - ±6.11 ±94.32
Cedar & other conifers ±2.20 ±10.06 ±29.84 ±33.17 ±45.55 ±34.37 ±22.87 ±14.11 ±17.97 - - - ±79.99
Unspecified hardwoods ±165.17 ±67.38 ±27.43 ±1.77 ±18.64 ±1.18 ±1.01 - - - - - ±181.46
Larch ±85.42 ±93.65 ±85.42 ±86.20 ±68.07 ±63.98 ±70.46 ±40.06 ±6.47 ±4.06 - ±17.70 ±215.55
Unspecified conifers ±266.19 ±208.02 ±77.48 ±18.50 ±3.02 - - - - - - ±2.42 ±347.11
Maple ±19.43 ±85.25 ±229.28 ±271.58 ±248.06 ±101.82 ±31.91 ±10.43 ±31.51 - - - ±456.06
Unclassified ±95.79 ±38.49 ±3.60 ±4.48 ±1.38 ±0.70 ±2.08 ±1.46 ±0.24 - - ±525.20 ±535.29
Fir ±90.99 ±203.70 ±214.50 ±146.00 ±206.08 ±103.04 ±76.95 ±48.86 ±35.89 ±1.80 ±5.51 ±5.27 ±424.08
Birch ±108.12 ±189.40 ±209.49 ±213.69 ±221.49 ±127.93 ±29.79 ±16.33 ±1.02 ±3.74 - ±3.09 ±451.35
Poplar ±232.66 ±221.52 ±227.56 ±365.28 ±360.27 ±75.81 ±36.11 ±7.48 - ±9.64 ±3.81 ±1.07 ±652.24
Pine ±361.04 ±458.78 ±301.74 ±291.83 ±201.13 ±127.31 ±83.39 ±50.88 ±8.62 ±0.75 - ±1.97 ±763.76
Spruce ±245.66 ±562.81 ±646.72 ±656.85 ±691.78 ±709.49 ±631.63 ±190.92 ±102.49 ±20.89 ±20.12 ±41.52 ±1 630.10
Subtotal ±616.45 ±848.48 ±849.32 ±895.74 ±900.81 ±754.15 ±648.77 ±209.21 ±115.04 ±23.74 ±21.21 ±527.22 ±2 181.90
Atlantic Maritime Hemlock ±0.29 ±3.80 ±5.00 ±7.36 ±7.96 ±4.54 ±0.37 ±0.20 - - - - ±13.34
Other hardwoods ±9.20 ±28.83 ±5.82 ±7.04 ±4.05 ±0.08 - - - - - - ±31.86
Larch ±4.17 ±13.30 ±19.71 ±14.21 ±9.34 ±2.52 ±0.78 - - - - - ±29.64
Cedar & other conifers ±6.94 ±14.06 ±12.47 ±14.38 ±21.49 ±30.79 ±15.86 ±3.73 - - - - ±47.79
Unspecified hardwoods ±47.64 ±22.06 ±16.43 ±21.94 ±2.31 ±0.70 - - - - - ±0.14 ±59.27
Pine ±36.32 ±40.29 ±25.96 ±35.75 ±19.70 ±28.25 ±2.41 - - - - - ±78.01
Unclassified ±21.88 ±7.55 ±0.39 ±2.63 ±1.22 ±2.24 - - - - - ±92.12 ±95.06
Unspecified conifers ±132.93 ±75.77 ±28.72 ±26.99 ±3.00 - - - - - - ±3.36 ±158.06
Poplar ±62.01 ±51.67 ±59.17 ±54.41 ±51.24 ±15.03 - ±1.26 - - - - ±125.81
Birch ±42.50 ±82.19 ±73.52 ±77.67 ±47.46 ±32.59 ±1.05 - - - - - ±152.69
Maple ±61.95 ±55.32 ±119.63 ±141.85 ±112.11 ±62.78 ±5.58 ±11.62 ±2.42 - ±0.41 ±0.34 ±240.86
Fir ±109.06 ±135.46 ±113.77 ±154.85 ±115.45 ±65.87 ±4.65 ±8.08 - - - - ±291.41
Spruce ±95.95 ±135.64 ±137.65 ±117.45 ±114.84 ±58.35 ±30.78 ±4.12 ±1.09 ±1.15 - ±0.12 ±279.12
Subtotal ±229.08 ±241.58 ±239.75 ±264.38 ±212.12 ±121.45 ±35.48 ±15.26 ±2.66 ±1.15 ±0.41 ±92.19 ±554.94
Mixedwood Plains Hemlock - - ±4.37 ±11.04 ±9.27 ±4.15 - - - - - - ±15.63
Unspecified conifers ±17.86 ±10.28 ±3.27 ±0.37 - - - - - - - - ±20.87
Larch ±2.74 ±6.32 ±22.82 ±2.89 ±4.53 - - - - - - - ±24.44
Spruce ±8.61 ±11.56 ±13.01 ±10.66 ±3.47 - ±0.82 - - - - - ±22.43
Unspecified hardwoods ±17.86 ±10.14 ±23.44 ±2.97 ±11.14 ±2.59 - - - - - - ±33.33
Birch ±6.13 ±21.54 ±16.19 ±6.69 ±8.91 ±2.25 ±0.03 - - - - - ±29.88
Fir ±2.19 ±11.36 ±36.35 ±14.56 ±2.88 ±4.99 ±2.18 - - - - - ±41.29
Pine ±12.41 ±22.33 ±21.36 ±13.71 ±6.66 ±2.75 ±2.16 ±0.71 - - - - ±36.80
Unclassified ±10.40 ±14.58 - - - - - - - - - ±55.54 ±58.36
Poplar ±5.64 ±30.89 ±29.95 ±31.91 ±14.67 ±13.97 ±0.97 - - - - - ±57.55
Cedar & other conifers ±2.62 ±31.00 ±54.77 ±35.15 ±21.08 ±5.69 ±2.92 ±5.61 - - - - ±75.63
Other hardwoods ±6.30 ±12.77 ±48.67 ±49.23 ±31.01 ±7.37 ±4.95 - - - - - ±77.69
Maple ±9.57 ±23.57 ±85.67 ±76.72 ±65.48 ±28.44 ±15.04 ±4.58 ±2.37 - - - ±138.64
Subtotal ±34.56 ±65.73 ±130.05 ±106.12 ±79.27 ±33.95 ±16.43 ±7.28 ±2.37 - - ±55.54 ±211.04
Boreal Plains Unspecified hardwoods - ±0.07 - - - - - - - - - - ±0.07
Cedar & other conifers ±0.14 ±0.09 ±1.07 - - - - ±4.85 - - - - ±4.97
Other hardwoods ±0.14 ±1.81 ±3.34 ±6.93 - ±0.10 - - ±0.19 - - - ±7.91
Maple ±2.81 ±4.81 ±12.04 ±3.90 ±0.37 - - - - - - - ±13.84
Fir ±0.05 ±21.70 ±15.34 ±16.23 ±16.63 ±6.41 ±11.63 ±3.71 ±9.44 ±5.93 ±11.13 - ±41.04
Birch ±30.27 ±85.85 ±74.64 ±52.20 ±30.09 ±16.87 ±1.65 ±0.68 - - - ±0.12 ±133.33
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±237.53 ±237.53
Larch ±31.16 ±52.66 ±120.65 ±131.19 ±137.24 ±113.27 ±43.00 ±22.13 ±28.83 ±8.80 ±3.17 - ±265.39
Pine ±217.93 ±235.20 ±178.21 ±226.39 ±158.90 ±143.70 ±99.86 ±38.41 ±43.67 ±0.74 ±1.03 ±5.59 ±495.08
Poplar ±243.06 ±230.05 ±306.24 ±432.83 ±325.17 ±221.52 ±130.62 ±47.08 ±12.08 ±1.29 - ±0.07 ±753.23
Spruce ±113.07 ±184.65 ±273.38 ±419.15 ±333.58 ±264.78 ±184.73 ±138.11 ±74.58 ±46.16 ±54.97 - ±736.62
Subtotal ±348.21 ±391.12 ±469.89 ±659.20 ±512.13 ±391.13 ±251.29 ±152.63 ±92.39 ±47.39 ±56.19 ±237.60 ±1 225.43
Prairies Fir ±0.06 ±0.26 - ±0.55 - - - - - - - - ±0.61
Other hardwoods ±0.09 ±0.18 ±0.75 - - - - - - - - - ±0.78
Douglas-fir - - ±0.73 ±1.18 ±0.02 - - - - - - - ±1.38
Larch - ±0.97 ±0.22 ±0.04 ±0.11 - - - - - - - ±1.00
Maple ±1.82 ±2.08 ±3.25 ±0.04 - - - - - - - - ±4.26
Birch ±3.67 ±2.09 ±0.98 - - - - - - - - - ±4.33
Spruce ±2.46 ±15.15 ±7.79 ±2.29 ±5.06 ±5.36 ±1.92 ±4.17 - - - - ±19.41
Pine ±0.44 ±6.17 ±45.96 ±0.13 ±0.01 ±11.60 - - - - - - ±47.80
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±149.29 ±149.29
Poplar ±77.99 ±137.22 ±55.59 ±18.36 ±15.63 ±4.52 - ±0.16 - - - - ±169.13
Subtotal ±78.14 ±138.23 ±72.64 ±18.55 ±16.43 ±13.55 ±1.92 ±4.17 - - - ±149.29 ±231.51
Taiga Cordillera Larch ±0.15 ±1.60 ±3.38 ±16.22 ±6.07 ±1.37 ±5.66 ±20.75 ±4.64 - - - ±28.28
Poplar ±16.71 ±9.08 ±14.32 ±7.88 ±1.15 ±6.58 ±1.32 - - - - - ±25.98
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±107.18 ±107.18
Pine - ±17.80 ±18.74 ±36.12 ±32.69 ±13.05 ±14.22 - - - - - ±58.43
Birch ±12.92 ±26.11 ±10.85 ±21.88 ±32.91 ±2.42 - - - - - - ±50.34
Fir - ±14.88 ±10.07 ±77.63 ±80.37 ±66.67 ±56.96 ±47.75 ±19.49 - - - ±152.18
Spruce ±10.13 ±107.10 ±228.04 ±172.97 ±125.71 ±78.43 ±455.90 ±43.53 ±34.90 ±3.51 - - ±571.34
Subtotal ±23.43 ±113.03 ±229.76 ±195.07 ±156.38 ±104.01 ±459.70 ±67.87 ±40.25 ±3.51 - ±107.18 ±607.04
Boreal Cordillera Larch ±3.50 ±4.78 ±3.92 ±7.64 ±6.06 ±3.23 ±2.68 ±0.81 - - - - ±12.80
Unclassified - - - - ±0.04 - - - - - - ±156.99 ±156.99
Birch ±45.38 ±53.86 ±138.49 ±88.98 ±34.77 ±58.29 ±6.50 ±3.48 ±0.80 - - - ±191.62
Poplar ±45.61 ±91.29 ±132.61 ±144.91 ±77.91 ±104.49 ±81.15 ±63.18 ±6.28 ±6.62 ±25.30 - ±278.01
Fir ±5.49 ±23.42 ±54.38 ±107.86 ±105.98 ±138.89 ±127.69 ±86.92 ±80.63 ±54.04 ±215.76 - ±354.30
Pine ±44.90 ±108.51 ±217.94 ±204.90 ±158.88 ±185.79 ±178.10 ±124.59 ±74.00 ±32.35 ±107.69 - ±477.91
Spruce ±34.79 ±81.06 ±197.15 ±255.79 ±273.37 ±364.88 ±270.63 ±209.03 ±171.37 ±66.30 ±267.83 - ±736.46
Subtotal ±86.07 ±173.64 ±355.11 ±384.74 ±344.27 ±448.63 ±357.63 ±266.04 ±203.44 ±91.68 ±361.28 ±156.99 ±1 017.40
Pacific Maritime Unspecified hardwoods ±0.47 - - ±0.36 - - - - - - - - ±0.59
Birch ±5.57 ±11.01 ±2.35 ±10.76 ±12.64 ±8.87 ±9.92 ±4.55 - - ±2.57 - ±25.25
Maple ±2.13 ±2.45 ±10.08 ±11.98 ±42.46 ±0.12 ±0.99 - - - ±2.06 - ±45.43
Poplar - ±1.42 ±6.20 ±12.61 ±29.45 ±56.93 ±8.22 ±16.39 ±1.34 ±7.39 ±18.67 - ±71.06
Other hardwoods ±10.28 ±11.41 ±40.76 ±28.41 ±25.35 ±10.72 ±3.17 ±0.75 ±0.40 ±5.44 ±10.54 - ±60.11
Pine ±1.46 ±16.39 ±0.93 ±6.81 ±16.96 ±35.67 ±21.75 ±48.03 ±4.65 ±22.20 ±41.02 - ±82.79
Spruce - ±32.64 ±46.81 ±2.95 ±12.80 ±3.79 ±5.90 ±5.13 ±11.62 ±8.12 ±42.91 - ±74.48
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±70.99 ±70.99
Douglas-fir ±52.55 ±54.94 ±102.79 ±101.93 ±54.26 ±55.97 ±55.30 ±39.05 ±25.38 ±26.80 ±99.03 - ±220.37
Fir ±25.95 ±57.72 ±26.25 ±21.22 ±15.20 ±20.66 ±26.50 ±23.07 ±24.53 ±22.65 ±242.00 - ±258.30
Cedar & other conifers ±29.33 ±32.74 ±32.76 ±26.25 ±11.97 ±13.53 ±9.06 ±29.27 ±35.03 ±57.62 ±344.67 - ±358.20
Hemlock ±77.89 ±114.91 ±102.77 ±78.54 ±71.97 ±44.95 ±39.84 ±32.45 ±37.69 ±23.89 ±388.32 - ±445.67
Subtotal ±102.49 ±149.06 ±163.98 ±137.76 ±111.45 ±102.39 ±78.19 ±81.18 ±63.66 ±75.93 ±584.77 ±70.99 ±686.30
Montane Cordillera Other hardwoods - - ±0.22 - - - - ±7.46 - ±1.04 - - ±7.53
Birch ±15.67 ±26.83 ±57.61 ±21.14 ±27.02 ±30.95 ±14.88 ±19.89 ±1.31 ±1.42 ±0.90 - ±83.91
Larch ±22.69 ±7.30 ±7.46 ±17.65 ±43.09 ±34.54 ±23.36 ±22.18 ±16.27 ±11.90 ±32.93 - ±80.71
Cedar & other conifers ±7.47 ±25.66 ±21.35 ±12.77 ±10.70 ±13.05 ±12.61 ±6.21 ±7.95 ±7.62 ±95.97 - ±105.58
Hemlock ±10.73 ±11.52 ±38.06 ±25.74 ±32.44 ±33.49 ±36.21 ±31.56 ±28.89 ±48.88 ±164.87 - ±192.99
Poplar ±26.97 ±44.19 ±51.38 ±69.28 ±119.99 ±83.61 ±58.02 ±46.08 ±9.62 ±12.73 ±11.11 - ±193.33
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±325.88 ±325.88
Douglas-fir ±40.57 ±51.22 ±55.61 ±54.95 ±132.15 ±145.93 ±156.21 ±140.84 ±76.52 ±68.63 ±184.11 - ±371.26
Fir ±42.25 ±58.18 ±79.48 ±70.62 ±92.59 ±121.20 ±122.94 ±160.64 ±154.38 ±147.04 ±377.63 - ±518.37
Spruce ±111.65 ±147.94 ±93.42 ±89.89 ±103.06 ±128.35 ±169.30 ±163.83 ±98.20 ±76.75 ±283.11 - ±479.01
Pine ±230.81 ±205.74 ±120.11 ±176.18 ±286.07 ±240.56 ±197.15 ±165.52 ±106.67 ±79.89 ±142.33 - ±620.53
Subtotal ±266.13 ±271.55 ±201.20 ±231.32 ±369.66 ±347.51 ±335.63 ±322.45 ±227.96 ±203.37 ±560.81 ±325.88 ±1 107.53
Hudson Plains Other hardwoods - ±0.35 - - - ±0.08 - - - - - - ±0.36
Unspecified conifers - - ±2.04 - - - - - - - - - ±2.04
Cedar & other conifers - - ±2.17 ±0.82 ±1.33 ±0.99 ±0.07 ±0.88 - - - - ±2.99
Fir ±0.43 ±8.09 ±14.18 ±3.46 ±2.02 ±2.19 - - - - - - ±16.96
Birch ±13.49 ±10.76 ±9.43 ±6.84 ±0.79 ±1.94 - - - - - - ±20.93
Poplar ±15.51 ±9.95 ±11.88 ±13.08 ±62.40 ±5.11 ±1.69 - - - - - ±67.64
Pine ±19.53 ±54.48 ±14.53 ±25.49 ±25.09 ±12.99 - - - - - - ±70.77
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - ±182.01 ±182.01
Larch ±7.07 ±58.71 ±39.30 ±32.52 ±67.68 ±69.36 ±10.06 ±96.86 ±5.17 ±0.38 - - ±158.12
Spruce ±4.78 ±176.40 ±238.20 ±182.89 ±142.18 ±342.68 ±341.38 ±119.25 ±9.14 ±0.11 - - ±624.35
Subtotal ±29.62 ±194.45 ±242.76 ±188.12 ±171.25 ±349.92 ±341.53 ±153.64 ±10.50 ±0.39 - ±182.01 ±676.95
Canada Other hardwoods ±21.23 ±44.12 ±82.78 ±75.44 ±61.84 ±34.99 ±10.29 ±9.56 ±2.97 ±5.53 ±10.54 ±6.11 ±142.74
Unspecified hardwoods ±172.83 ±71.62 ±39.65 ±22.21 ±21.83 ±2.93 ±1.01 - - - - ±0.14 ±193.78
Cedar & other conifers ±31.24 ±54.68 ±74.70 ±58.27 ±56.93 ±50.16 ±32.00 ±34.11 ±40.17 ±58.12 ±357.78 - ±392.28
Unspecified conifers ±298.07 ±221.63 ±82.72 ±32.72 ±4.26 - - - - - - ±4.14 ±381.98
Douglas-fir ±66.39 ±75.11 ±116.87 ±115.80 ±142.85 ±156.29 ±165.71 ±146.15 ±80.62 ±73.68 ±209.05 - ±431.74
Hemlock ±78.62 ±115.56 ±110.11 ±85.64 ±83.90 ±56.94 ±56.48 ±46.03 ±47.50 ±54.41 ±421.86 - ±487.62
Maple ±65.74 ±104.48 ±272.91 ±316.11 ±283.18 ±122.95 ±35.73 ±16.28 ±31.69 - ±2.10 ±0.34 ±536.19
Larch ±106.39 ±146.61 ±175.90 ±205.84 ±196.73 ±164.43 ±108.92 ±119.71 ±34.84 ±16.30 ±39.17 ±17.70 ±448.76
Birch ±188.35 ±251.92 ±288.92 ±256.30 ±237.43 ±151.88 ±41.08 ±27.62 ±2.88 ±4.00 ±9.93 ±3.10 ±574.57
Unclassified ±98.81 ±41.84 ±3.62 ±5.20 ±1.84 ±2.35 ±2.08 ±1.46 ±0.24 - - ±849.17 ±855.96
Fir ±150.55 ±261.92 ±269.93 ±263.51 ±288.38 ±234.78 ±204.80 ±196.84 ±180.84 ±158.41 ±497.87 ±5.27 ±870.77
Poplar ±377.25 ±378.53 ±425.89 ±622.80 ±574.94 ±330.18 ±203.42 ±114.90 ±25.86 ±19.38 ±33.57 ±1.07 ±1 162.41
Pine ±509.89 ±604.13 ±465.67 ±486.32 ±431.17 ±366.08 ±301.61 ±228.59 ±137.73 ±89.02 ±183.20 ±5.93 ±1 265.68
Spruce ±326.71 ±705.81 ±923.64 ±954.09 ±1 048.59 ±1 455.39 ±1 282.52 ±665.95 ±256.41 ±127.11 ±457.85 ±41.52 ±2 822.69
Total ±850.48 ±1 118.40 ±1 248.89 ±1 357.77 ±1 381.82 ±1 585.23 ±1 365.93 ±766.67 ±361.52 ±248.25 ±918.49 ±850.45 ±3 743.33
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 3.1, October 2025) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.