Table 14.1a. Relative standard errors (%) of area of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years)
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.3
Birch 20.5 21.7 20.3 15.6 18.6 30.0 32.4 47.7 50.6 0.0 92.9 0.0
Poplar 22.6 15.3 15.5 11.3 7.8 15.8 19.4 27.4 53.7 75.2 0.0 0.0
Larch 29.9 18.2 13.5 16.7 13.7 17.9 27.2 40.7 58.5 59.2 64.2 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 71.2 81.1 72.3 83.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 20.2 13.9 15.9 14.5 18.3 23.4 25.5 45.0 88.1 100.0 100.0 0.0
Spruce 21.1 11.9 8.6 6.4 6.3 2.6 9.3 14.3 18.1 35.5 40.5 0.0
Taiga Shield Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 100.0 52.0 26.1 24.8 94.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 24.2 29.3 31.0 26.8 34.3 26.0 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 49.8 23.4 37.8 31.7 57.1 8.4 65.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 39.2 18.3 10.0 17.2 31.1 32.4 51.0 55.5 48.7 57.4 62.6 0.0
Fir 100.0 45.5 61.3 52.9 32.5 61.3 13.9 48.9 84.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 17.2 12.8 14.8 15.6 23.7 34.6 36.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 28.0 10.2 7.5 8.2 6.1 4.7 2.9 3.8 45.2 60.3 20.4 0.0
Boreal Shield Unclassified 54.5 28.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3
Unspecified hardwoods 8.3 12.7 24.9 42.3 28.0 100.0 80.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 33.4 20.0 14.1 14.7 18.4 30.1 42.2 51.2 90.9 0.0 0.0 72.7
Maple 24.3 11.1 8.3 9.5 8.7 17.1 34.0 40.9 86.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 7.9 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.1 14.1 16.9 46.2 84.9 68.1 0.0 64.0
Poplar 6.4 5.2 4.8 5.6 6.1 14.2 22.9 32.6 0.0 71.5 100.0 78.0
Unspecified conifers 7.4 8.1 20.8 37.0 36.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
Cedar & other conifers 69.0 26.5 15.1 13.5 11.6 14.9 19.4 33.2 59.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 17.5 10.2 8.1 8.6 10.1 12.4 16.7 25.0 57.0 76.4 0.0 62.7
Hemlock 0.0 88.0 31.7 30.7 19.8 51.2 38.1 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 13.2 6.4 5.7 6.4 5.3 15.5 12.8 34.7 58.0 65.2 85.5 61.2
Pine 6.0 4.9 5.4 5.4 6.1 11.2 13.6 34.1 67.7 100.0 0.0 100.0
Spruce 7.1 3.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 4.1 3.5 8.1 18.3 31.2 66.3 32.3
Atlantic Maritime Unclassified 37.6 58.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9
Unspecified hardwoods 11.8 14.4 26.3 54.1 44.7 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.5
Other hardwoods 19.7 13.5 40.8 34.1 46.7 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 14.6 10.4 8.5 7.0 9.3 17.5 35.2 80.7 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.5
Birch 12.0 13.0 12.9 12.7 14.5 21.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 18.2 12.1 11.5 10.5 20.7 28.1 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 11.6 12.2 21.9 39.8 35.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.8
Cedar & other conifers 42.7 31.3 22.9 21.0 15.3 19.1 32.1 71.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 29.3 20.3 17.0 19.9 28.0 50.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 99.9 100.0 48.8 37.9 44.3 68.2 100.3 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 14.4 7.5 6.4 8.1 12.1 17.9 41.0 40.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 31.6 24.6 28.7 25.7 19.6 38.6 42.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 10.3 8.6 7.6 5.7 7.9 12.7 30.7 41.1 100.0 98.6 0.0 99.9
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified 63.2 43.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.9
Unspecified hardwoods 29.0 22.3 29.9 57.6 49.5 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 33.8 15.1 15.6 12.3 17.5 37.0 59.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 31.9 15.9 9.9 10.0 12.8 26.1 48.4 59.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 38.0 21.1 23.1 36.8 71.3 75.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 28.1 19.8 11.6 21.4 36.8 59.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 42.8 37.0 47.8 88.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 48.4 24.1 18.3 16.1 26.5 37.4 50.5 63.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 54.2 37.2 39.4 46.6 56.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 0.0 0.0 45.1 63.3 31.3 64.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 57.1 37.5 26.6 37.4 74.6 83.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 42.3 16.1 18.0 21.4 41.5 72.9 70.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 37.7 21.3 22.5 31.1 41.0 0.0 70.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 70.0 36.5 47.8 91.8 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 100.0 46.5 87.1 47.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 24.7 21.7 15.9 14.4 24.8 43.4 44.2 89.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
Poplar 8.2 6.5 7.0 4.9 6.0 7.8 12.3 23.3 42.0 70.8 0.0 100.0
Cedar & other conifers 71.9 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 30.7 12.9 9.6 7.9 9.0 11.5 11.7 18.7 40.0 52.8 69.9 0.0
Fir 100.0 46.8 32.9 43.4 54.1 48.3 72.6 97.6 100.0 100.0 84.0 0.0
Pine 11.9 9.6 13.0 9.1 9.8 12.2 15.3 20.9 40.3 100.0 100.0 86.3
Spruce 13.4 8.9 6.1 4.2 4.8 5.2 6.1 9.8 14.5 35.4 38.1 0.0
Prairies Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.9
Other hardwoods 70.5 72.7 97.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 36.3 49.3 84.2 97.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 46.0 44.3 68.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 13.2 10.6 18.0 25.0 52.2 75.4 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 0.0 58.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 84.2 88.3 88.2 43.8 59.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 63.9 90.3 60.4 44.2 67.3 69.6 100.0 90.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.7
Birch 58.5 65.8 37.1 82.5 16.3 68.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 99.9 60.6 34.2 45.8 68.3 79.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 99.9 41.5 40.6 87.8 62.1 80.3 95.1 90.9 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 42.9 32.3 28.1 31.8 35.8 49.2 99.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 0.0 99.9 100.0 53.7 64.6 72.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 71.3 41.9 18.9 15.0 19.1 21.9 6.4 36.1 52.9 100.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.1
Birch 36.5 26.3 22.9 30.1 43.7 45.3 74.0 45.4 72.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 33.8 25.5 15.9 14.9 16.1 22.0 38.0 48.6 38.4 100.0 51.3 0.0
Larch 98.9 43.8 35.6 32.1 37.2 35.9 36.0 50.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 86.1 59.3 24.3 23.7 16.0 16.7 17.5 16.4 18.8 25.2 11.5 0.0
Pine 39.6 26.1 14.9 15.3 13.8 12.9 15.2 21.3 23.9 55.1 28.0 0.0
Spruce 37.1 19.3 11.3 10.2 8.3 7.2 9.2 10.8 13.7 29.9 11.8 0.0
Pacific Maritime Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 68.4 29.9 22.6 26.4 41.0 38.0 72.2 100.2 100.0 100.0 40.0 0.0
Maple 100.0 50.5 60.2 46.1 72.9 99.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.4 0.0
Birch 90.2 59.3 75.9 70.7 55.5 50.6 81.8 99.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Poplar 0.0 56.9 41.6 59.4 41.4 48.4 40.6 45.8 65.8 53.8 65.5 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 23.4 31.7 37.0 42.6 34.2 28.8 32.1 32.6 29.4 23.2 9.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 24.4 29.6 22.4 22.4 24.5 25.2 33.8 39.2 42.8 39.7 24.2 0.0
Hemlock 18.5 15.9 15.9 18.4 18.8 19.2 15.8 24.0 15.6 20.0 6.1 0.0
Fir 25.6 21.9 35.0 35.9 33.3 31.0 32.1 27.4 31.5 30.2 11.0 0.0
Pine 86.8 54.3 58.0 38.9 46.7 37.6 48.2 76.7 58.8 38.9 32.4 0.0
Spruce 0.0 34.8 43.7 79.5 44.6 38.4 57.3 50.6 45.8 48.1 20.9 0.0
Montane Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 77.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.9 0.0 99.9 0.0 0.0
Birch 31.1 38.0 42.7 24.0 25.5 35.9 31.4 54.8 68.5 83.4 100.0 0.0
Poplar 22.9 20.7 17.2 17.0 15.2 19.5 16.2 26.2 43.1 49.3 39.9 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 34.3 39.9 35.0 40.6 33.5 35.6 37.8 29.4 46.6 39.2 19.7 0.0
Larch 33.8 47.8 51.3 28.2 24.1 25.6 25.0 38.1 39.0 47.2 25.6 0.0
Douglas-fir 23.2 21.6 18.1 14.0 11.8 10.5 10.3 11.2 16.0 18.7 12.5 0.0
Hemlock 55.9 38.1 38.2 43.4 28.2 29.6 31.8 31.5 30.6 46.2 16.9 0.0
Fir 24.9 17.2 18.2 14.7 12.9 11.9 9.5 10.5 10.1 11.7 7.6 0.0
Pine 9.0 9.0 16.8 11.4 8.3 8.5 7.8 10.2 14.8 17.9 13.6 0.0
Spruce 11.7 12.0 17.9 14.2 10.1 9.0 8.5 8.4 9.2 9.9 7.4 0.0
Hudson Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.9
Other hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 50.6 48.5 82.0 58.2 100.0 59.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 59.3 44.6 36.0 64.7 40.0 53.4 50.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 48.3 23.5 12.9 22.8 27.1 49.6 33.5 38.3 93.4 100.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 35.9 43.4 51.8 100.0 79.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 35.3 23.8 28.0 56.6 72.2 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 44.7 11.0 8.4 10.2 14.1 5.4 6.4 27.0 86.5 100.0 0.0 0.0
Canada Unclassified 39.4 23.2 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6
Unspecified hardwoods 7.0 9.8 15.8 44.2 23.2 65.6 80.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.5
Other hardwoods 17.0 9.1 9.3 8.6 11.2 16.6 31.2 49.5 77.6 85.6 40.0 72.7
Maple 12.1 7.1 5.4 5.5 6.1 11.5 25.2 34.2 76.9 0.0 71.5 100.5
Birch 6.4 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.1 10.2 13.1 27.0 33.5 55.6 72.1 62.5
Poplar 4.5 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5 4.8 8.5 14.1 24.3 29.2 30.7 74.7
Unspecified conifers 6.2 6.9 16.1 27.7 25.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.4
Cedar & other conifers 18.4 14.5 10.6 9.3 8.4 10.2 13.7 20.1 24.1 21.7 8.3 0.0
Larch 11.9 6.4 4.7 5.2 5.9 7.5 9.2 16.4 23.5 27.0 22.9 62.7
Douglas-fir 17.1 17.8 15.2 13.7 10.7 9.7 9.9 10.7 15.0 17.0 11.1 0.0
Hemlock 17.8 15.2 13.9 14.7 12.5 15.1 13.7 18.8 14.1 24.1 5.7 0.0
Fir 8.7 4.5 4.1 4.7 4.3 7.3 6.7 8.1 8.5 10.2 5.5 61.2
Pine 4.3 3.5 4.2 3.9 4.1 5.2 5.7 8.4 11.8 15.8 11.7 70.2
Spruce 4.7 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.9 6.3 9.2 6.0 32.3
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 2, November 2022) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.