Table 14.1a. Relative standard errors (%) of area of forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Fir - 100.00 68.84 81.13 72.34 83.25 99.99 - - - - - 37.20
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 31.94 31.94
Birch 20.80 21.23 20.12 15.69 18.21 28.94 31.07 47.68 50.64 - 92.87 - 8.71
Larch 29.74 16.55 12.34 16.15 13.63 17.88 27.18 40.71 58.48 59.24 64.24 - 6.52
Pine 20.24 13.59 15.74 14.43 18.32 23.46 24.83 45.03 88.13 99.99 99.99 - 6.57
Poplar 22.58 15.24 15.41 11.42 7.82 15.12 19.35 27.36 53.72 75.17 - - 4.90
Spruce 21.04 11.26 8.04 6.18 6.30 2.56 8.96 14.35 17.65 35.47 40.54 - 2.02
Subtotal 10.18 6.65 5.79 4.72 4.49 2.50 7.42 11.74 16.28 31.28 31.69 31.94 1.71
Taiga Shield Maple - - - 100.03 32.63 - - - - - - - 98.80
Unspecified conifers - - 100.06 - - - - - - - - - 100.06
Other hardwoods - - 99.99 51.96 26.08 24.84 94.74 - - - - - 17.16
Fir 100.00 45.54 61.26 52.88 32.62 61.26 13.94 48.91 84.93 - - - 13.12
Birch 24.23 29.27 31.00 26.77 34.29 26.04 100.08 - - - - - 14.67
Larch 39.19 18.30 10.00 17.16 31.11 32.39 51.04 55.48 48.67 57.41 62.57 - 8.37
Poplar 49.83 23.37 37.79 31.66 57.19 8.45 65.92 - - - - - 7.54
Pine 17.15 12.74 14.77 15.63 23.71 34.64 36.01 100.00 - - - - 7.03
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 4.71 4.71
Spruce 28.05 10.21 7.46 8.23 6.06 4.74 2.91 3.78 45.15 60.31 20.35 - 1.84
Subtotal 11.83 7.01 6.07 6.70 5.72 4.26 2.89 3.76 40.01 56.82 20.24 4.71 1.61
Boreal Shield Hemlock - 88.03 31.68 30.66 19.83 51.20 38.11 100.00 100.00 - - - 13.45
Other hardwoods 33.42 19.94 14.22 16.28 18.63 30.14 43.07 50.83 90.97 - - 72.69 7.73
Cedar & other conifers 68.99 26.54 15.09 13.47 11.57 14.91 19.39 33.25 59.00 - - - 6.15
Unspecified hardwoods 8.30 12.72 24.94 42.34 27.99 100.00 80.16 - - - - - 6.71
Larch 17.53 10.15 7.53 8.42 9.89 12.44 16.44 24.17 57.05 76.43 - 62.73 3.98
Unspecified conifers 7.37 8.10 20.77 37.05 36.77 - - - - - - 100.00 5.25
Maple 24.32 11.05 8.29 9.47 8.66 17.07 33.97 40.93 86.55 - - - 4.52
Unclassified 54.45 28.08 51.30 79.52 72.66 99.98 98.65 99.98 99.98 - - 4.32 4.28
Fir 12.95 6.29 5.58 6.49 5.38 15.39 12.22 35.15 60.51 65.23 85.54 61.28 2.76
Birch 7.93 5.65 5.34 5.66 6.08 14.09 17.01 46.25 84.85 68.11 - 64.03 2.63
Poplar 6.45 5.24 4.82 5.58 6.04 14.25 22.90 32.58 - 71.48 99.98 77.97 2.53
Pine 6.06 4.90 5.40 5.48 6.07 11.35 13.56 34.15 67.74 100.00 - 100.00 2.43
Spruce 7.07 3.84 3.01 2.67 2.54 4.05 3.52 8.08 18.29 31.15 66.38 32.30 1.25
Subtotal 2.87 2.12 1.91 1.90 1.86 3.40 3.20 7.06 16.07 25.03 52.27 4.27 0.84
Atlantic Maritime Hemlock 99.95 99.99 48.81 37.90 44.31 68.21 100.26 98.67 - - - - 22.62
Other hardwoods 19.66 13.43 37.92 33.47 46.62 98.67 - - - - - - 10.39
Larch 29.36 20.25 16.92 19.94 27.99 50.64 99.99 - - - - - 9.66
Cedar & other conifers 42.66 31.32 22.90 21.06 15.27 19.11 32.08 71.72 - - - - 8.84
Unspecified hardwoods 11.79 14.37 26.25 54.08 44.69 99.95 - - - - - 100.51 8.89
Pine 31.62 24.56 28.40 25.65 19.51 38.55 42.54 - - - - - 11.31
Unclassified 37.60 55.95 71.26 80.40 100.56 100.56 - - - - - 6.92 6.74
Unspecified conifers 11.56 12.21 21.85 39.74 35.27 - - - - - - 75.80 7.97
Poplar 18.12 12.03 11.36 10.46 20.75 28.14 - 99.99 - - - - 5.95
Birch 12.03 12.99 12.87 12.73 14.47 21.53 99.99 - - - - - 5.77
Maple 14.65 10.41 8.45 6.93 9.31 17.47 35.06 80.70 99.99 - 99.99 100.51 4.01
Fir 14.32 7.43 6.42 8.07 12.06 17.94 40.96 40.54 - - - - 3.82
Spruce 10.27 8.55 7.59 5.69 7.91 12.70 30.70 41.14 99.99 98.67 - 99.95 3.31
Subtotal 4.96 3.85 3.65 3.48 4.71 7.41 19.20 29.92 75.63 98.67 99.99 6.89 1.69
Mixedwood Plains Hemlock - - 45.07 63.29 31.32 64.17 - - - - - - 24.72
Unspecified conifers 42.82 36.98 47.78 88.02 - - - - - - - - 27.18
Larch 54.22 37.16 39.39 46.60 56.60 - - - - - - - 25.94
Spruce 37.68 21.33 22.45 31.05 40.98 - 70.65 - - - - - 12.54
Unspecified hardwoods 29.00 22.33 29.90 57.63 49.48 100.17 - - - - - - 15.46
Birch 37.98 21.11 23.10 36.82 71.34 75.82 99.99 - - - - - 13.46
Fir 57.10 37.47 26.58 37.33 74.57 82.98 99.99 - - - - - 18.60
Pine 42.30 16.06 18.03 21.45 41.51 72.91 70.87 99.99 - - - - 9.83
Unclassified 63.23 43.00 - - - - - - - - - 16.85 15.36
Poplar 28.13 19.77 11.60 21.43 36.84 59.37 99.99 - - - - - 8.89
Cedar & other conifers 48.35 24.11 18.27 16.12 26.47 37.40 50.45 63.24 - - - - 9.93
Other hardwoods 33.82 15.08 15.64 12.31 17.50 36.99 59.14 - - - - - 7.62
Maple 31.93 15.89 9.89 10.01 12.83 26.13 48.36 58.98 99.99 - - - 5.61
Subtotal 12.75 6.79 5.72 6.18 8.73 17.93 31.23 41.95 99.99 - - 16.85 3.14
Boreal Plains Unspecified hardwoods - 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - 100.00
Cedar & other conifers 71.87 100.00 100.00 - - - - 84.59 - - - - 70.16
Other hardwoods 69.98 36.51 52.81 91.81 - 100.00 - - 100.00 - - - 40.93
Maple 100.00 46.54 87.12 51.95 100.00 - - - - - - - 39.70
Fir 100.00 46.76 31.46 39.18 49.00 43.68 65.89 97.56 100.00 100.00 84.00 - 17.44
Birch 24.54 21.54 15.63 13.95 25.79 43.38 44.23 89.76 - - - 100.00 8.69
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 8.48 8.48
Larch 30.74 13.18 9.74 7.98 9.10 11.20 11.79 19.12 40.00 52.81 69.93 - 4.10
Pine 11.90 9.57 12.87 9.10 9.82 12.24 15.39 20.87 40.29 99.98 99.98 86.34 4.16
Poplar 8.20 6.52 7.05 4.95 6.04 7.77 12.31 23.08 41.99 70.75 - 100.00 2.59
Spruce 13.34 8.85 6.09 4.18 4.77 5.28 6.09 9.88 14.48 35.39 37.15 - 2.12
Subtotal 5.93 4.38 3.92 2.82 3.27 3.87 4.90 7.98 12.59 30.46 33.68 8.46 1.41
Prairies Fir 100.00 100.00 - 99.99 - - - - - - - - 70.57
Other hardwoods 70.52 72.72 99.99 - - - - - - - - - 69.23
Douglas-fir - - 100.00 100.00 100.22 - - - - - - - 71.94
Larch - 58.79 100.00 100.00 100.00 - - - - - - - 49.51
Maple 36.29 49.35 84.23 97.37 - - - - - - - - 32.51
Birch 45.99 44.27 68.44 - - - - - - - - - 30.67
Spruce 63.93 90.27 60.43 44.17 67.26 69.58 100.00 90.69 - - - - 32.12
Pine 84.16 88.28 88.16 43.78 59.47 100.00 - - - - - - 66.80
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 27.87 27.87
Poplar 13.16 10.59 18.02 25.02 52.20 75.38 - 100.00 - - - - 7.33
Subtotal 12.81 10.38 19.09 22.99 43.69 53.58 100.00 87.72 - - - 27.87 7.70
Taiga Cordillera Larch 99.94 40.11 37.87 88.05 62.37 80.60 95.10 90.92 99.94 - - - 37.06
Poplar 74.88 60.56 34.15 45.75 68.31 79.87 99.99 - - - - - 24.12
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 70.69 70.69
Pine - 99.94 99.99 53.63 64.64 71.97 99.99 - - - - - 31.27
Birch 53.35 61.58 36.81 82.49 16.78 68.40 - - - - - - 15.62
Fir - 99.99 42.93 32.32 28.13 31.76 35.75 49.15 99.69 - - - 14.49
Spruce 34.64 25.76 16.47 14.69 18.95 21.84 6.48 36.02 52.84 99.99 - - 5.08
Subtotal 30.85 22.17 15.25 12.61 12.95 17.32 6.37 28.18 44.59 99.99 - 70.69 4.62
Boreal Cordillera Larch 53.15 34.02 31.98 32.16 37.23 35.90 35.99 50.25 - - - - 14.07
Unclassified - - - - 100.14 - - - - - - 33.97 33.96
Birch 35.70 25.74 22.84 30.12 43.67 45.35 74.00 45.37 72.65 - - - 13.09
Poplar 33.02 25.30 15.93 14.90 16.13 22.02 37.62 48.61 38.36 100.00 51.33 - 7.56
Fir 73.98 39.17 20.84 22.48 16.05 16.71 17.54 16.22 18.77 25.17 11.51 - 5.82
Pine 33.94 23.50 14.62 15.29 13.76 12.91 15.23 21.17 23.58 55.10 28.04 - 5.60
Spruce 36.55 18.65 11.11 10.08 8.31 7.20 9.12 10.84 13.59 29.22 11.85 - 3.37
Subtotal 16.99 11.27 7.14 6.81 6.06 5.64 7.02 8.33 10.06 18.09 7.91 33.97 2.41
Pacific Maritime Unspecified hardwoods 99.98 - - 99.98 - - - - - - - - 71.30
Birch 90.16 59.33 75.89 70.72 55.53 51.02 81.75 99.54 - - 99.98 - 24.64
Maple 99.98 49.88 60.18 44.71 73.33 99.35 99.98 - - - 81.38 - 40.51
Poplar - 56.95 40.47 50.69 41.03 46.21 37.69 46.56 65.82 53.80 62.16 - 20.87
Other hardwoods 68.54 29.39 22.21 26.07 40.32 36.88 70.16 86.73 99.98 99.98 38.62 - 12.61
Pine 86.76 54.33 57.98 38.39 46.69 36.57 46.03 75.97 58.11 40.01 32.23 - 17.03
Spruce - 34.74 43.80 79.73 45.43 38.61 54.44 49.87 52.48 48.09 20.19 - 14.45
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 13.58 13.58
Douglas-fir 24.51 29.47 22.19 22.22 24.38 25.02 31.70 38.00 41.03 38.73 23.99 - 8.51
Fir 25.56 21.95 34.97 35.54 33.86 30.97 32.09 27.42 32.61 29.98 11.20 - 8.36
Cedar & other conifers 22.94 31.15 36.55 41.67 33.11 28.81 32.33 32.64 29.08 22.55 8.80 - 7.34
Hemlock 18.47 15.85 15.83 18.25 18.71 19.01 15.67 23.97 15.30 19.79 6.05 - 4.45
Subtotal 11.50 10.15 10.22 11.39 11.51 12.03 12.28 15.43 11.87 12.40 4.39 13.58 2.97
Montane Cordillera Other hardwoods - - 77.33 - - - - 99.94 - 99.94 - - 85.74
Birch 29.55 37.99 43.01 25.78 24.96 37.47 29.58 50.88 68.48 83.36 100.00 - 13.44
Larch 32.22 47.84 51.29 28.22 24.12 25.56 25.02 38.11 39.04 47.19 25.64 - 9.80
Cedar & other conifers 36.34 42.96 33.26 37.69 34.75 33.77 37.76 29.41 46.77 39.16 19.69 - 12.78
Hemlock 52.25 40.28 38.18 47.19 28.22 29.57 31.77 31.31 30.60 46.21 16.98 - 10.62
Poplar 22.25 19.19 17.51 16.67 14.51 18.22 15.66 25.53 43.07 53.03 39.91 - 6.51
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 7.50 7.50
Douglas-fir 22.57 21.96 18.14 13.97 11.58 10.34 10.19 10.91 15.91 18.32 12.93 - 4.23
Fir 24.37 17.01 18.02 14.67 12.86 11.80 9.41 10.46 10.04 11.65 7.62 - 3.76
Spruce 11.81 11.92 17.48 14.03 10.14 8.97 8.54 8.39 9.09 9.83 7.38 - 3.10
Pine 8.80 8.91 16.66 11.49 8.32 8.54 7.82 10.12 14.84 17.87 13.63 - 3.13
Subtotal 6.33 5.99 7.71 6.26 4.88 4.62 4.19 4.73 5.71 6.69 4.35 7.50 1.60
Hudson Plains Other hardwoods - 100.00 - - - 100.00 - - - - - - 83.17
Unspecified conifers - - 99.99 - - - - - - - - - 99.99
Cedar & other conifers - - 100.05 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 - - - - 47.73
Fir 100.00 35.94 43.41 51.84 99.99 78.99 - - - - - - 25.28
Birch 50.61 48.55 82.04 58.21 100.00 59.10 - - - - - - 27.48
Poplar 59.26 44.63 35.97 64.71 40.00 53.39 50.23 - - - - - 24.99
Pine 35.32 23.81 28.02 56.54 72.24 49.32 - - - - - - 16.01
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 15.94 15.94
Larch 48.33 23.50 12.89 22.75 27.11 49.64 33.46 38.35 93.38 99.99 - - 11.37
Spruce 44.74 11.02 8.36 10.15 14.06 5.41 6.41 27.02 86.54 99.99 - - 3.22
Subtotal 22.12 9.06 7.38 9.27 11.77 5.37 6.37 22.11 65.23 80.98 - 15.94 2.97
Canada Other hardwoods 16.96 9.05 9.32 8.95 11.22 16.51 31.43 47.79 77.69 85.43 38.62 72.69 4.45
Unspecified hardwoods 7.04 9.83 15.80 44.18 23.16 65.62 80.16 - - - - 100.51 5.40
Cedar & other conifers 18.01 14.53 10.54 9.24 8.34 10.17 13.64 19.62 23.92 21.14 8.13 - 4.72
Unspecified conifers 6.20 6.89 16.10 27.67 25.46 - - - - - - 60.42 4.40
Douglas-fir 16.84 17.90 15.17 13.57 10.47 9.56 9.71 10.49 14.85 16.60 11.38 - 3.80
Hemlock 17.76 15.21 13.85 14.75 12.40 15.06 13.66 18.81 13.91 24.02 5.71 - 3.98
Maple 12.11 7.10 5.37 5.53 6.11 11.55 25.17 34.15 76.93 - 71.45 100.51 2.86
Larch 11.72 6.29 4.54 5.13 5.86 7.42 9.18 16.06 23.53 26.97 22.86 62.73 2.36
Birch 6.37 4.68 4.62 4.64 5.06 10.21 12.88 26.40 33.54 55.60 72.19 62.48 2.15
Unclassified 39.43 22.69 47.90 58.32 58.50 80.15 98.65 99.98 99.98 - - 2.60 2.58
Fir 8.59 4.46 4.01 4.75 4.36 7.24 6.61 8.08 8.47 10.15 5.53 61.28 1.81
Poplar 4.47 3.45 3.55 3.24 3.48 4.75 8.39 14.01 24.35 29.49 30.25 74.58 1.50
Pine 4.27 3.50 4.20 3.90 4.12 5.22 5.73 8.33 11.73 15.81 11.73 70.21 1.55
Spruce 4.69 2.79 2.18 1.88 1.91 1.70 1.83 2.86 6.26 9.12 5.95 32.27 0.76
Total 2.02 1.49 1.37 1.28 1.32 1.44 1.61 2.40 4.12 5.39 2.85 2.59 0.52
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 3.1, October 2025) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.