Table 16.1. Total tree volume (million m3) by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Fir - 0.34 1.36 0.70 0.99 3.76 <0.01 - - - - - 7.15
Larch 1.31 5.50 11.23 13.80 15.12 11.85 7.77 3.88 0.40 0.50 1.58 - 72.94
Birch 7.05 11.90 24.55 27.54 17.15 12.54 8.54 2.58 0.53 - 1.07 - 113.45
Pine 6.87 25.84 32.90 64.13 32.55 23.12 32.72 17.93 2.43 0.04 1.22 - 239.75
Poplar 11.70 28.61 42.56 205.49 358.25 126.99 119.55 55.34 11.27 1.54 - - 961.31
Spruce 4.54 29.61 92.24 168.18 223.22 3 232.94 155.34 115.58 59.48 15.07 8.89 - 4 105.09
Subtotal 31.46 101.80 204.84 479.83 647.28 3 411.21 323.93 195.32 74.11 17.16 12.77 0.00 5 499.70
Taiga Shield Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Maple - - - <0.01 0.00 - - - - - - - <0.01
Unspecified conifers - - 0.02 - - - - - - - - - 0.02
Other hardwoods - - 0.01 0.17 1.92 2.50 0.01 - - - - - 4.61
Fir 0.01 0.25 1.58 0.09 2.34 0.19 7.50 1.14 0.29 - - - 13.41
Birch 4.54 3.46 1.61 0.77 0.67 2.47 0.06 - - - - - 13.58
Larch 0.35 4.37 10.64 9.98 9.01 4.47 4.55 3.20 0.23 0.21 0.32 - 47.33
Poplar 0.88 5.04 6.21 5.69 2.08 53.79 0.19 - - - - - 73.88
Pine 8.72 33.17 27.12 22.99 11.80 1.67 1.41 0.03 - - - - 106.91
Spruce 2.71 40.96 139.37 113.11 318.02 494.26 1 079.07 592.32 1.98 3.54 52.62 - 2 837.96
Subtotal 17.20 87.24 186.55 152.81 345.86 559.36 1 092.80 596.70 2.50 3.75 52.95 0.00 3 097.70
Boreal Shield Unclassified 4.74 4.42 0.15 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.04 - - 0.00 9.68
Hemlock - 0.07 1.92 4.86 13.00 1.90 5.15 0.66 0.12 - - - 27.68
Other hardwoods 0.77 3.79 20.10 20.41 20.46 7.55 1.41 1.02 0.13 - - 0.00 75.64
Cedar & other conifers 0.09 1.25 11.08 15.09 31.94 18.00 8.86 3.12 1.65 - - - 91.08
Unspecified hardwoods 55.96 23.90 8.66 0.33 7.18 0.10 0.15 - - - - - 96.28
Larch 3.63 20.12 39.68 44.76 30.94 24.12 21.76 6.74 0.74 0.18 - 0.00 192.68
Unspecified conifers 85.57 105.05 21.25 2.34 0.74 - - - - - - 0.00 214.94
Maple 2.49 31.42 196.22 245.54 292.77 62.02 12.46 3.43 4.38 - - - 850.73
Fir 19.29 158.37 258.33 168.58 288.62 49.07 49.98 12.62 3.65 0.28 1.17 0.00 1 009.94
Birch 21.17 124.35 251.54 303.67 316.27 74.57 15.77 3.54 0.03 0.95 - 0.00 1 111.86
Pine 106.29 351.89 323.85 406.19 287.96 104.63 64.73 15.40 2.09 0.14 - 0.00 1 663.18
Poplar 74.55 196.36 353.23 538.90 482.53 58.80 16.48 2.34 - 2.10 0.75 0.00 1 726.03
Spruce 45.68 448.77 880.46 1 439.53 1 726.34 1 194.22 1 107.81 147.87 35.35 5.14 2.46 0.00 7 033.61
Subtotal 420.23 1 469.76 2 366.47 3 190.25 3 498.81 1 595.01 1 304.63 196.83 48.18 8.78 4.38 0.00 14 103.33
Atlantic Maritime Unclassified 1.79 0.46 0.04 0.20 0.10 0.17 - - - - - 0.00 2.75
Hemlock 0.01 0.51 1.34 2.21 1.49 1.09 0.06 0.03 - - - - 6.72
Other hardwoods 1.18 8.58 0.77 1.31 0.69 <0.01 - - - - - - 12.53
Larch 0.64 2.98 6.93 4.88 2.46 0.34 0.04 - - - - - 18.27
Unspecified hardwoods 9.07 6.32 3.97 2.91 0.45 0.07 - - - - - 0.00 22.78
Pine 2.22 9.30 8.23 13.53 11.41 8.14 0.72 - - - - - 53.54
Cedar & other conifers 1.80 3.95 4.47 6.75 13.96 16.91 5.77 0.53 - - - - 54.13
Unspecified conifers 27.89 28.34 8.59 5.26 0.73 - - - - - - 0.00 70.81
Poplar 7.17 22.43 44.49 48.91 25.01 5.84 - 0.14 - - - - 153.98
Birch 7.61 33.06 41.89 48.70 28.80 13.88 0.10 - - - - - 174.02
Maple 11.81 26.91 110.25 164.38 109.96 35.92 1.55 1.69 0.19 - 0.04 0.00 462.68
Fir 18.07 93.00 139.94 173.20 89.63 33.25 1.11 1.78 - - - - 549.99
Spruce 16.52 70.85 130.70 182.69 121.65 40.40 8.53 0.74 0.08 0.18 - 0.00 572.34
Subtotal 105.77 306.68 501.60 654.93 406.31 156.00 17.88 4.91 0.26 0.18 0.04 0.00 2 154.56
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified 0.48 1.29 - - - - - - - - - 0.00 1.77
Unspecified conifers 1.64 1.71 0.51 0.04 - - - - - - - - 3.90
Hemlock - - 0.79 1.88 2.94 0.76 - - - - - - 6.37
Larch 0.10 0.74 4.68 0.45 0.45 - - - - - - - 6.42
Spruce 0.31 1.90 3.70 3.24 0.75 - 0.05 - - - - - 9.95
Birch 0.70 4.09 4.16 1.19 1.32 0.25 <0.01 - - - - - 11.72
Unspecified hardwoods 1.68 2.22 7.35 0.52 1.70 0.22 - - - - - - 13.70
Fir 0.12 1.59 13.56 3.85 0.50 0.50 0.32 - - - - - 20.44
Pine 1.01 7.94 12.90 8.62 2.48 0.62 0.55 0.20 - - - - 34.32
Cedar & other conifers 0.15 3.87 17.10 16.11 6.96 1.33 0.57 1.32 - - - - 47.41
Poplar 0.40 7.60 24.25 17.02 5.03 2.74 0.14 - - - - - 57.18
Other hardwoods 0.19 1.94 15.76 29.59 17.28 1.95 1.01 - - - - - 67.72
Maple 1.20 5.99 67.55 64.40 54.37 12.60 3.73 1.11 0.28 - - - 211.22
Subtotal 8.00 40.87 172.31 146.91 93.78 20.97 6.37 2.63 0.28 - - 0.00 492.12
Boreal Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified hardwoods - <0.01 - - - - - - - - - - <0.01
Cedar & other conifers <0.01 <0.01 0.04 - - - - 0.19 - - - - 0.23
Other hardwoods <0.01 0.22 0.28 0.55 - <0.01 - - 0.01 - - - 1.07
Maple 0.06 0.83 2.04 0.88 0.06 - - - - - - - 3.87
Fir <0.01 2.61 3.33 3.51 3.43 1.03 2.26 0.35 1.32 0.78 1.60 - 20.23
Birch 2.67 15.68 36.50 33.37 10.44 4.45 0.27 0.05 - - - 0.00 103.42
Larch 2.33 8.95 37.16 65.61 60.31 50.31 25.18 7.52 3.19 0.45 0.38 - 261.37
Pine 32.84 99.29 89.52 260.21 169.72 174.15 116.53 36.71 23.00 0.04 0.12 0.00 1 002.13
Spruce 21.44 72.66 236.64 780.29 575.07 443.43 325.31 184.29 64.61 16.15 20.62 - 2 740.51
Poplar 91.58 213.65 397.91 1 040.73 703.90 413.84 169.32 35.59 4.33 0.25 - 0.00 3 071.11
Subtotal 150.92 413.89 803.42 2 185.16 1 522.92 1 087.21 638.86 264.71 96.47 17.66 22.72 0.00 7 203.94
Prairies Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods <0.01 <0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - - - 0.03
Fir 0.00 <0.01 - 0.03 - - - - - - - - 0.03
Larch - 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - 0.06
Douglas-fir - - 0.04 0.08 <0.01 - - - - - - - 0.12
Maple 0.09 0.11 0.15 <0.01 - - - - - - - - 0.36
Birch 0.19 0.14 0.10 - - - - - - - - - 0.43
Pine 0.01 0.18 1.52 0.04 <0.01 2.04 - - - - - - 3.80
Spruce 0.07 0.54 0.81 0.44 1.03 0.93 0.30 0.54 - - - - 4.67
Poplar 19.72 69.79 24.59 6.64 3.35 0.84 - 0.02 - - - - 124.95
Subtotal 20.09 70.80 27.25 7.24 4.39 3.81 0.30 0.56 - - - 0.00 134.44
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Larch <0.01 0.04 0.09 0.56 0.72 0.10 0.18 0.70 0.16 - - - 2.54
Poplar 0.26 0.34 0.80 0.60 0.01 0.53 0.05 - - - - - 2.60
Pine - 0.20 0.10 1.42 3.13 1.49 1.26 - - - - - 7.60
Birch 0.08 0.49 0.08 0.37 16.25 0.16 - - - - - - 17.43
Fir - 0.14 0.09 3.80 5.98 9.25 9.52 9.31 0.68 - - - 38.76
Spruce 0.28 3.35 9.93 18.07 17.04 14.62 715.35 12.22 7.94 0.53 - - 799.31
Subtotal 0.61 4.57 11.09 24.82 43.13 26.14 726.36 22.23 8.78 0.53 - 0.00 868.25
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified - - - - <0.01 - - - - - - 0.00 <0.01
Larch 0.10 0.20 0.26 0.52 0.53 0.44 0.36 0.15 - - - - 2.56
Birch 0.06 0.98 4.22 11.16 4.71 7.59 0.67 0.79 0.10 - - - 30.28
Poplar 1.24 4.58 21.07 59.13 37.45 49.76 32.28 16.50 1.85 2.38 5.13 - 231.38
Fir 0.12 0.73 4.33 16.68 21.95 49.15 50.27 40.27 35.22 14.12 73.42 - 306.25
Pine 1.32 7.52 47.44 68.85 78.69 157.46 151.30 82.36 45.06 14.60 48.38 - 702.97
Spruce 0.92 3.61 24.61 67.96 151.08 409.54 283.34 207.08 153.96 24.75 192.53 - 1 519.37
Subtotal 3.77 17.61 101.93 224.30 294.42 673.92 518.23 347.14 236.19 55.85 319.46 0.00 2 792.81
Pacific Maritime Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified hardwoods <0.01 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - 0.01
Birch 0.11 1.29 0.44 4.20 3.82 3.35 1.93 0.81 - - 0.70 - 16.66
Maple 0.00 0.30 3.13 4.15 8.73 0.02 0.18 - - - 0.75 - 17.26
Pine <0.01 2.90 0.15 2.81 6.88 18.05 9.65 9.61 0.35 2.42 8.55 - 61.38
Poplar - 0.25 2.19 6.94 13.60 29.07 7.65 7.13 0.52 6.42 9.16 - 82.93
Other hardwoods 0.36 5.99 36.30 27.32 15.52 9.50 1.77 0.12 0.02 2.01 7.29 - 106.20
Spruce - 4.44 32.26 0.74 14.10 2.73 2.46 2.46 7.55 5.35 91.15 - 163.24
Douglas-fir 1.26 18.66 101.39 150.42 79.83 76.86 64.92 21.48 17.13 20.63 141.38 - 693.95
Fir 0.60 13.34 14.41 8.51 2.83 9.81 15.62 16.07 15.32 12.27 600.77 - 709.55
Cedar & other conifers 0.89 6.83 18.93 14.89 11.39 12.32 4.50 16.37 19.62 31.32 970.39 - 1 107.44
Hemlock 5.55 63.49 136.77 130.46 113.96 51.23 57.25 31.85 50.36 20.89 2 000.59 - 2 662.39
Subtotal 8.78 117.49 345.96 350.44 270.65 212.95 165.93 105.90 110.87 101.31 3 830.74 0.00 5 621.02
Montane Cordillera Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods - - <0.01 - - - - 0.42 - 0.10 - - 0.53
Birch 0.48 6.05 17.98 13.13 18.63 15.13 8.74 6.63 0.25 0.42 0.14 - 87.58
Larch 0.14 0.66 1.86 8.07 32.18 27.67 18.88 10.50 5.72 2.92 20.57 - 129.18
Cedar & other conifers 0.06 2.90 9.52 4.25 7.38 10.01 8.61 6.02 4.65 5.38 202.70 - 261.49
Poplar 0.32 15.49 31.75 48.22 129.87 92.82 70.31 38.22 3.56 7.16 6.20 - 443.92
Hemlock 0.14 0.52 11.35 11.85 29.20 26.42 26.29 19.74 20.03 20.46 313.32 - 479.31
Douglas-fir 0.77 8.75 24.00 31.81 156.55 227.91 256.36 219.75 63.03 46.52 205.95 - 1 241.39
Fir 0.13 4.16 24.84 36.13 62.73 99.64 131.34 185.69 193.38 151.41 705.53 - 1 594.98
Pine 11.09 83.91 60.26 146.84 453.43 394.95 401.44 284.51 122.70 66.54 134.74 - 2 160.41
Spruce 1.72 17.98 49.26 66.49 130.89 195.45 302.27 337.71 193.34 137.74 750.24 - 2 183.09
Subtotal 14.84 140.41 230.82 366.78 1 020.86 1 090.01 1 224.25 1 109.20 606.64 438.65 2 339.40 0.00 8 581.86
Hudson Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods - <0.01 - - - 0.01 - - - - - - 0.01
Unspecified conifers - - 0.12 - - - - - - - - - 0.12
Cedar & other conifers - - 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 <0.01 0.05 - - - - 0.19
Birch 0.36 0.44 0.40 0.91 <0.01 0.17 - - - - - - 2.28
Fir 0.01 0.67 1.16 0.37 0.09 0.11 - - - - - - 2.41
Poplar 0.49 0.87 2.09 1.71 2.65 0.79 0.06 - - - - - 8.65
Pine 0.86 6.76 2.03 3.14 1.88 0.56 - - - - - - 15.23
Larch 0.17 2.89 5.58 3.99 7.58 4.68 1.55 6.91 0.31 0.01 - - 33.69
Spruce 0.14 22.59 52.29 49.94 37.92 110.78 167.44 19.54 0.61 <0.01 - - 461.26
Subtotal 2.02 34.24 63.70 60.09 50.18 117.11 169.05 26.50 0.92 0.02 - 0.00 523.84
Canada Unclassified 7.01 6.17 0.19 0.27 0.15 0.20 0.06 0.11 0.04 - - 0.00 14.20
Unspecified hardwoods 66.72 32.44 19.98 3.77 9.33 0.39 0.15 - - - - 0.00 132.77
Other hardwoods 2.51 20.53 73.24 79.36 55.87 21.51 4.20 1.56 0.16 2.11 7.29 0.00 268.34
Unspecified conifers 115.10 135.10 30.48 7.64 1.46 - - - - - - 0.00 289.79
Larch 8.78 46.47 118.12 152.63 159.32 123.97 80.28 39.59 10.75 4.28 22.85 0.00 767.04
Maple 15.65 65.55 379.33 479.35 465.89 110.56 17.92 6.23 4.85 - 0.80 0.00 1 546.13
Cedar & other conifers 2.98 18.80 61.17 57.11 71.69 58.59 28.31 27.60 25.91 36.71 1 173.09 - 1 561.97
Birch 45.02 201.93 383.45 445.00 418.08 134.55 36.09 14.41 0.90 1.37 1.91 0.00 1 682.71
Douglas-fir 2.03 27.40 125.43 182.31 236.38 304.77 321.28 241.23 80.16 67.15 347.34 - 1 935.46
Hemlock 5.70 64.58 152.16 151.25 160.58 81.40 88.76 52.28 70.51 41.35 2 313.91 - 3 182.48
Fir 38.34 275.21 462.94 415.45 479.08 255.77 267.93 267.22 249.86 178.85 1 382.49 0.00 4 273.13
Pine 171.24 628.89 606.03 998.77 1 059.93 886.87 780.30 446.76 195.63 83.78 193.02 0.00 6 051.22
Poplar 208.30 565.01 951.15 1 979.98 1 763.72 835.81 416.04 155.28 21.53 19.85 21.25 0.00 6 937.92
Spruce 94.32 717.25 1 652.27 2 890.68 3 317.12 6 139.31 4 147.26 1 620.34 524.91 208.44 1 118.51 0.00 22 430.40
Subtotal 783.69 2 805.35 5 015.94 7 843.56 8 198.59 8 953.69 6 188.58 2 872.63 1 185.20 643.88 6 582.45 0.00 51 073.56
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data< (Version 3, November 2023) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.