Table 16.1b. Confidence interval (million m3) of total tree volume by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Fir - ±0.68 ±1.91 ±1.03 ±1.45 ±6.75 <0.01 - - - - - ±7.26
Larch ±0.89 ±1.91 ±3.95 ±3.87 ±4.70 ±3.80 ±4.54 ±3.44 ±0.37 ±0.58 ±2.06 - ±10.43
Birch ±2.83 ±5.98 ±10.95 ±9.76 ±6.69 ±9.10 ±6.45 ±2.88 ±0.55 - ±1.89 - ±20.98
Pine ±3.00 ±7.22 ±10.81 ±22.77 ±10.95 ±15.12 ±17.14 ±14.70 ±4.21 ±0.08 ±2.40 - ±39.73
Poplar ±5.64 ±9.59 ±14.32 ±57.78 ±55.08 ±39.39 ±47.55 ±29.98 ±12.34 ±2.26 - - ±107.56
Spruce ±2.27 ±7.27 ±17.45 ±23.25 ±32.74 ±180.70 ±29.14 ±32.04 ±21.77 ±11.85 ±6.41 - ±192.77
Subtotal ±7.40 ±15.39 ±27.67 ±67.15 ±65.54 ±185.94 ±58.87 ±46.49 ±25.38 ±12.08 ±7.39 0.00 ±225.63
Taiga Shield Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Maple - - - <0.01 0.00 - - - - - - - <0.01
Unspecified conifers - - ±0.04 - - - - - - - - - ±0.04
Other hardwoods - - ±0.02 ±0.17 ±1.05 ±1.24 ±0.03 - - - - - ±1.64
Fir ±0.03 ±0.23 ±2.05 ±0.07 ±1.60 ±0.23 ±2.01 ±1.11 ±0.49 - - - ±3.52
Birch ±2.18 ±1.84 ±0.86 ±0.46 ±0.45 ±1.27 ±0.12 - - - - - ±3.31
Larch ±0.23 ±1.69 ±2.24 ±3.88 ±5.71 ±2.48 ±5.00 ±2.84 ±0.23 ±0.26 ±0.38 - ±9.74
Poplar ±0.57 ±2.51 ±5.69 ±3.44 ±2.23 ±8.99 ±0.29 - - - - - ±11.69
Pine ±3.09 ±9.11 ±9.02 ±7.11 ±6.05 ±1.31 ±1.03 ±0.06 - - - - ±16.25
Spruce ±1.69 ±9.14 ±22.09 ±20.23 ±41.25 ±50.40 ±66.92 ±53.97 ±1.33 ±4.18 ±21.15 - ±114.38
Subtotal ±4.19 ±13.38 ±24.73 ±22.07 ±42.19 ±51.30 ±67.15 ±54.05 ±1.43 ±4.19 ±21.15 0.00 ±116.64
Boreal Shield Unclassified ±5.08 ±2.46 ±0.26 ±0.09 ±0.09 ±0.06 ±0.12 ±0.22 ±0.07 - - 0.00 ±5.66
Hemlock - ±0.12 ±1.30 ±3.03 ±5.12 ±2.19 ±3.87 ±1.30 ±0.23 - - - ±7.65
Other hardwoods ±0.50 ±1.52 ±5.94 ±6.67 ±7.40 ±4.64 ±1.24 ±0.96 ±0.22 - - 0.00 ±12.70
Cedar & other conifers ±0.13 ±0.84 ±3.76 ±5.01 ±8.09 ±6.08 ±3.44 ±2.17 ±1.81 - - - ±12.73
Unspecified hardwoods ±10.32 ±7.05 ±4.68 ±0.30 ±4.08 ±0.20 ±0.29 - - - - - ±13.96
Larch ±1.21 ±3.99 ±6.96 ±7.94 ±7.85 ±5.84 ±7.25 ±2.89 ±0.97 ±0.29 - 0.00 ±16.93
Unspecified conifers ±13.25 ±18.32 ±9.48 ±1.63 ±0.57 - - - - - - 0.00 ±24.57
Maple ±1.47 ±8.15 ±34.26 ±48.83 ±50.86 ±20.80 ±8.67 ±2.83 ±7.35 - - - ±82.36
Fir ±5.29 ±20.70 ±29.54 ±22.52 ±30.50 ±14.92 ±11.91 ±9.05 ±3.54 ±0.35 ±2.05 0.00 ±56.83
Birch ±3.80 ±15.06 ±28.06 ±35.54 ±39.01 ±22.01 ±5.48 ±3.35 ±0.04 ±1.27 - 0.00 ±65.88
Pine ±15.58 ±36.14 ±35.77 ±45.93 ±34.91 ±25.88 ±20.00 ±9.88 ±2.82 ±0.27 - 0.00 ±85.63
Poplar ±11.63 ±22.71 ±35.28 ±57.74 ±56.05 ±18.83 ±8.27 ±1.58 - ±2.92 ±1.48 0.00 ±93.84
Spruce ±8.95 ±44.11 ±59.30 ±86.34 ±92.02 ±103.61 ±79.39 ±28.00 ±13.83 ±3.78 ±3.14 0.00 ±198.75
Subtotal ±28.50 ±69.99 ±95.32 ±131.13 ±134.50 ±114.00 ±84.25 ±31.64 ±16.44 ±4.97 ±4.03 0.00 ±267.38
Atlantic Maritime Unclassified ±1.31 ±0.50 ±0.06 ±0.28 ±0.19 ±0.33 - - - - - 0.00 ±1.49
Hemlock ±0.01 ±1.00 ±1.25 ±1.54 ±1.23 ±1.56 ±0.12 ±0.06 - - - - ±2.98
Other hardwoods ±0.63 ±2.42 ±0.76 ±0.96 ±0.65 <0.01 - - - - - - ±2.86
Larch ±0.46 ±1.34 ±2.29 ±2.07 ±1.41 ±0.36 ±0.09 - - - - - ±3.69
Unspecified hardwoods ±2.39 ±2.21 ±2.40 ±3.51 ±0.42 ±0.13 - - - - - 0.00 ±5.38
Pine ±1.78 ±4.45 ±4.36 ±6.56 ±5.07 ±7.25 ±0.68 - - - - - ±12.79
Cedar & other conifers ±1.60 ±2.67 ±2.08 ±2.86 ±4.21 ±6.55 ±3.66 ±0.83 - - - - ±9.85
Unspecified conifers ±7.98 ±7.32 ±3.73 ±4.44 ±0.58 - - - - - - 0.00 ±12.30
Poplar ±2.32 ±5.70 ±9.99 ±10.51 ±9.78 ±3.38 - ±0.27 - - - - ±18.85
Birch ±2.50 ±8.39 ±10.44 ±12.65 ±8.13 ±6.01 ±0.19 - - - - - ±21.17
Maple ±4.16 ±6.21 ±19.84 ±24.09 ±20.97 ±12.66 ±1.11 ±2.79 ±0.37 - ±0.08 0.00 ±40.48
Fir ±5.13 ±14.18 ±18.03 ±28.39 ±21.86 ±11.44 ±0.89 ±1.41 - - - - ±44.39
Spruce ±4.25 ±13.00 ±18.39 ±21.73 ±19.56 ±10.64 ±5.77 ±0.61 ±0.15 ±0.34 - 0.00 ±39.08
Subtotal ±12.28 ±24.61 ±36.28 ±47.11 ±38.86 ±23.46 ±7.01 ±3.30 ±0.40 ±0.34 ±0.08 0.00 ±80.08
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified ±0.60 ±1.09 - - - - - - - - - 0.00 ±1.24
Unspecified conifers ±1.27 ±1.29 ±0.45 ±0.07 - - - - - - - - ±1.87
Hemlock - - ±0.71 ±2.49 ±1.89 ±0.99 - - - - - - ±3.36
Larch ±0.14 ±0.60 ±3.73 ±0.42 ±0.44 - - - - - - - ±3.83
Spruce ±0.31 ±0.88 ±1.50 ±1.87 ±0.70 - ±0.08 - - - - - ±2.67
Birch ±0.54 ±1.82 ±1.63 ±0.94 ±1.85 ±0.37 <0.01 - - - - - ±3.27
Unspecified hardwoods ±0.89 ±1.04 ±4.41 ±0.61 ±1.32 ±0.44 - - - - - - ±4.86
Fir ±0.14 ±1.17 ±7.27 ±2.93 ±0.76 ±0.81 ±0.63 - - - - - ±8.03
Pine ±1.33 ±3.45 ±5.23 ±4.12 ±2.10 ±0.98 ±0.77 ±0.39 - - - - ±8.01
Cedar & other conifers ±0.25 ±2.03 ±5.84 ±5.31 ±3.42 ±0.91 ±0.55 ±1.84 - - - - ±9.10
Poplar ±0.22 ±2.95 ±5.81 ±7.42 ±3.50 ±3.13 ±0.26 - - - - - ±10.94
Other hardwoods ±0.14 ±0.65 ±4.47 ±7.51 ±6.22 ±1.33 ±1.22 - - - - - ±10.90
Maple ±0.89 ±1.77 ±14.70 ±13.46 ±14.90 ±6.60 ±3.38 ±1.25 ±0.55 - - - ±26.07
Subtotal ±2.43 ±6.17 ±20.57 ±18.91 ±17.29 ±7.67 ±3.78 ±2.26 ±0.55 - - 0.00 ±34.67
Boreal Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified hardwoods - <0.01 - - - - - - - - - - <0.01
Cedar & other conifers ±0.01 ±0.01 ±0.07 - - - - ±0.27 - - - - ±0.28
Other hardwoods <0.01 ±0.17 ±0.29 ±0.97 - ±0.01 - - ±0.02 - - - ±1.03
Maple ±0.11 ±0.71 ±3.65 ±0.92 ±0.12 - - - - - - - ±3.83
Fir <0.01 ±2.49 ±2.17 ±2.97 ±3.85 ±0.87 ±2.94 ±0.67 ±2.60 ±1.52 ±2.68 - ±7.79
Birch ±1.34 ±5.98 ±11.60 ±10.26 ±5.86 ±4.15 ±0.26 ±0.08 - - - 0.00 ±18.14
Larch ±2.42 ±2.58 ±8.07 ±11.76 ±10.57 ±10.79 ±6.19 ±2.68 ±2.02 ±0.39 ±0.54 - ±22.23
Pine ±9.67 ±20.01 ±22.13 ±54.39 ±36.02 ±42.42 ±40.75 ±16.08 ±18.27 ±0.07 ±0.24 0.00 ±96.40
Spruce ±8.44 ±12.23 ±30.35 ±77.87 ±66.74 ±46.82 ±41.00 ±37.90 ±19.73 ±12.78 ±14.71 - ±133.19
Poplar ±17.74 ±30.39 ±62.00 ±106.18 ±85.89 ±64.41 ±40.40 ±17.65 ±3.85 ±0.35 - 0.00 ±172.75
Subtotal ±22.07 ±39.02 ±73.98 ±143.36 ±115.28 ±90.97 ±70.86 ±44.88 ±27.37 ±12.88 ±14.96 0.00 ±240.36
Prairies Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods ±0.01 <0.01 ±0.04 - - - - - - - - - ±0.04
Fir 0.00 ±0.01 - ±0.05 - - - - - - - - ±0.05
Larch - ±0.04 ±0.01 ±0.01 ±0.02 - - - - - - - ±0.05
Douglas-fir - - ±0.07 ±0.17 <0.01 - - - - - - - ±0.18
Maple ±0.06 ±0.09 ±0.23 ±0.01 - - - - - - - - ±0.26
Birch ±0.19 ±0.12 ±0.17 - - - - - - - - - ±0.28
Pine ±0.02 ±0.35 ±2.33 ±0.03 <0.01 ±4.00 - - - - - - ±4.64
Spruce ±0.12 ±0.96 ±0.87 ±0.40 ±1.50 ±1.32 ±0.60 ±1.02 - - - - ±2.69
Poplar ±5.57 ±14.78 ±9.88 ±3.62 ±3.48 ±1.34 - ±0.04 - - - - ±19.34
Subtotal ±5.57 ±14.81 ±10.19 ±3.65 ±3.79 ±4.42 ±0.60 ±1.02 - - - 0.00 ±20.08
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Larch <0.01 ±0.03 ±0.07 ±0.94 ±1.07 ±0.17 ±0.33 ±1.06 ±0.32 - - - ±1.84
Poplar ±0.32 ±0.57 ±0.83 ±0.79 ±0.02 ±0.81 ±0.11 - - - - - ±1.55
Pine - ±0.40 ±0.21 ±1.79 ±4.16 ±2.27 ±2.47 - - - - - ±5.66
Birch ±0.10 ±0.73 ±0.10 ±0.54 ±5.19 ±0.21 - - - - - - ±5.27
Fir - ±0.28 ±0.09 ±2.67 ±4.37 ±6.38 ±6.59 ±9.42 ±1.32 - - - ±14.17
Spruce ±0.19 ±1.61 ±3.40 ±6.41 ±7.17 ±6.27 ±92.15 ±9.58 ±8.31 ±1.03 - - ±93.81
Subtotal ±0.39 ±1.92 ±3.51 ±7.29 ±10.77 ±9.27 ±92.42 ±13.47 ±8.42 ±1.03 - 0.00 ±95.22
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified - - - - <0.01 - - - - - - 0.00 <0.01
Larch ±0.11 ±0.15 ±0.23 ±0.30 ±0.42 ±0.34 ±0.26 ±0.16 - - - - ±0.75
Birch ±0.08 ±0.74 ±2.36 ±9.12 ±4.39 ±7.08 ±1.10 ±0.72 ±0.14 - - - ±12.66
Poplar ±1.00 ±2.43 ±8.81 ±29.76 ±11.94 ±22.40 ±33.14 ±19.49 ±1.37 ±4.69 ±5.92 - ±56.14
Fir ±0.19 ±0.48 ±1.92 ±15.38 ±7.02 ±17.79 ±18.38 ±13.91 ±14.91 ±8.99 ±24.91 - ±45.40
Pine ±0.93 ±4.02 ±19.01 ±31.61 ±23.99 ±44.47 ±46.58 ±35.79 ±21.24 ±17.13 ±30.95 - ±95.30
Spruce ±0.66 ±1.48 ±9.41 ±22.99 ±29.84 ±69.45 ±53.52 ±44.75 ±44.97 ±12.03 ±48.94 - ±125.55
Subtotal ±1.54 ±5.00 ±23.17 ±52.28 ±40.95 ±87.58 ±80.44 ±62.11 ±51.94 ±23.26 ±63.31 0.00 ±173.84
Pacific Maritime Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Unspecified hardwoods ±0.01 - - ±0.02 - - - - - - - - ±0.02
Birch ±0.19 ±1.48 ±0.70 ±5.78 ±4.18 ±3.46 ±3.01 ±1.59 - - ±1.38 - ±8.89
Maple 0.00 ±0.28 ±4.00 ±3.24 ±14.62 ±0.04 ±0.35 - - - ±1.27 - ±15.55
Pine ±0.01 ±3.81 ±0.18 ±2.24 ±7.00 ±14.80 ±9.53 ±16.08 ±0.58 ±2.10 ±4.76 - ±25.77
Poplar - ±0.32 ±1.69 ±7.28 ±10.39 ±24.18 ±6.05 ±6.36 ±0.64 ±6.79 ±11.38 - ±31.65
Other hardwoods ±0.53 ±5.05 ±16.41 ±14.81 ±11.53 ±8.71 ±2.81 ±0.19 ±0.03 ±3.95 ±7.59 - ±28.36
Spruce - ±4.27 ±35.48 ±0.97 ±13.11 ±2.76 ±2.39 ±2.52 ±8.59 ±5.36 ±35.20 - ±53.01
Douglas-fir ±0.83 ±12.76 ±49.12 ±73.16 ±42.29 ±41.57 ±49.47 ±14.13 ±13.35 ±14.43 ±78.12 - ±143.46
Fir ±0.39 ±7.13 ±10.36 ±6.89 ±1.67 ±7.87 ±15.03 ±8.94 ±10.53 ±8.41 ±135.01 - ±137.79
Cedar & other conifers ±0.54 ±4.15 ±15.94 ±11.88 ±8.39 ±9.11 ±3.08 ±15.35 ±11.64 ±15.52 ±170.42 - ±173.87
Hemlock ±2.60 ±21.46 ±46.53 ±59.51 ±51.85 ±21.33 ±19.79 ±19.09 ±18.56 ±8.13 ±258.44 - ±277.98
Subtotal ±2.87 ±27.43 ±80.54 ±96.98 ±72.41 ±56.80 ±56.78 ±34.46 ±29.05 ±26.09 ±348.74 0.00 ±390.73
Montane Cordillera Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods - - <0.01 - - - - ±0.83 - ±0.20 - - ±0.85
Birch ±0.46 ±5.29 ±17.51 ±9.25 ±10.09 ±10.78 ±5.26 ±6.04 ±0.38 ±0.78 ±0.28 - ±26.52
Larch ±0.13 ±0.61 ±2.48 ±5.38 ±16.73 ±15.09 ±10.26 ±7.92 ±4.26 ±2.78 ±12.12 - ±29.73
Cedar & other conifers ±0.04 ±2.98 ±6.82 ±3.07 ±5.41 ±6.97 ±7.02 ±3.68 ±4.45 ±4.07 ±83.09 - ±84.53
Poplar ±0.17 ±7.05 ±14.71 ±17.23 ±39.40 ±49.13 ±21.99 ±20.21 ±2.76 ±8.78 ±5.62 - ±74.42
Hemlock ±0.15 ±0.48 ±10.20 ±12.92 ±18.62 ±16.78 ±16.06 ±11.23 ±12.37 ±17.43 ±104.42 - ±112.44
Douglas-fir ±0.61 ±4.23 ±9.62 ±9.92 ±43.74 ±53.24 ±55.79 ±56.03 ±18.40 ±16.94 ±51.63 - ±120.41
Fir ±0.07 ±2.72 ±10.81 ±13.78 ±20.41 ±28.82 ±26.87 ±42.44 ±47.95 ±35.17 ±119.39 - ±147.90
Pine ±6.18 ±17.70 ±22.45 ±33.89 ±79.59 ±65.38 ±66.41 ±61.40 ±44.62 ±22.46 ±38.60 - ±157.41
Spruce ±1.21 ±6.92 ±20.15 ±19.43 ±29.36 ±38.55 ±58.25 ±59.10 ±39.17 ±29.34 ±114.78 - ±160.12
Subtotal ±6.35 ±21.77 ±42.41 ±49.01 ±108.80 ±111.86 ±112.08 ±113.36 ±79.76 ±57.40 ±222.64 0.00 ±337.20
Hudson Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Other hardwoods - <0.01 - - - ±0.02 - - - - - - ±0.02
Unspecified conifers - - ±0.23 - - - - - - - - - ±0.23
Cedar & other conifers - - ±0.06 ±0.05 ±0.10 ±0.05 ±0.01 ±0.10 - - - - ±0.17
Birch ±0.35 ±0.56 ±0.56 ±1.38 ±0.01 ±0.20 - - - - - - ±1.64
Fir ±0.01 ±0.48 ±0.85 ±0.39 ±0.18 ±0.15 - - - - - - ±1.08
Poplar ±0.54 ±0.96 ±1.50 ±2.25 ±2.38 ±0.85 ±0.05 - - - - - ±3.86
Pine ±0.59 ±3.07 ±1.14 ±4.04 ±2.63 ±0.61 - - - - - - ±5.89
Larch ±0.19 ±1.08 ±1.60 ±1.95 ±4.43 ±4.34 ±0.95 ±5.05 ±0.53 ±0.03 - - ±8.52
Spruce ±0.13 ±6.75 ±10.72 ±11.35 ±14.14 ±17.25 ±24.93 ±9.83 ±0.97 ±0.01 - - ±38.81
Subtotal ±0.91 ±7.59 ±11.05 ±12.49 ±15.24 ±17.82 ±24.95 ±11.05 ±1.10 ±0.03 - 0.00 ±40.40
Canada Unclassified ±5.28 ±2.74 ±0.27 ±0.30 ±0.21 ±0.34 ±0.12 ±0.22 ±0.07 - - 0.00 ±5.98
Unspecified hardwoods ±10.63 ±7.46 ±6.87 ±3.58 ±4.31 ±0.50 ±0.29 - - - - 0.00 ±15.73
Other hardwoods ±0.97 ±5.84 ±18.04 ±17.95 ±15.10 ±10.03 ±3.30 ±1.28 ±0.23 ±3.95 ±7.59 0.00 ±33.12
Unspecified conifers ±15.52 ±19.77 ±10.20 ±4.73 ±0.81 - - - - - - 0.00 ±27.54
Larch ±2.91 ±5.73 ±12.73 ±16.42 ±23.05 ±20.45 ±15.59 ±11.17 ±4.87 ±2.89 ±12.31 0.00 ±44.42
Maple ±4.50 ±10.43 ±42.57 ±56.18 ±58.84 ±25.23 ±9.38 ±4.17 ±7.38 - ±1.27 0.00 ±96.74
Cedar & other conifers ±1.72 ±6.17 ±18.79 ±14.57 ±13.95 ±14.58 ±9.18 ±16.06 ±12.60 ±16.04 ±189.60 - ±194.21
Birch ±6.00 ±20.17 ±38.31 ±42.77 ±42.85 ±28.29 ±10.47 ±7.68 ±0.68 ±1.49 ±2.36 0.00 ±80.95
Douglas-fir ±1.03 ±13.44 ±50.05 ±73.83 ±60.84 ±67.54 ±74.56 ±57.78 ±22.73 ±22.26 ±93.64 - ±187.30
Hemlock ±2.61 ±21.49 ±47.67 ±61.04 ±55.38 ±27.29 ±25.78 ±22.19 ±22.31 ±19.23 ±278.73 - ±299.99
Fir ±7.38 ±26.39 ±38.62 ±42.58 ±43.77 ±40.62 ±38.53 ±47.42 ±51.52 ±37.30 ±181.97 0.00 ±220.26
Pine ±19.98 ±47.19 ±53.72 ±88.71 ±98.42 ±96.15 ±95.04 ±76.69 ±52.93 ±28.33 ±49.76 0.00 ±230.89
Poplar ±22.81 ±43.06 ±76.53 ±139.21 ±124.44 ±98.29 ±74.70 ±45.19 ±13.30 ±12.61 ±14.08 0.00 ±246.80
Spruce ±13.40 ±50.19 ±86.32 ±126.57 ±135.12 ±234.28 ±169.47 ±108.86 ±68.97 ±37.03 ±132.38 0.00 ±404.40
Total ±40.14 ±94.94 ±163.51 ±245.12 ±241.63 ±287.96 ±227.11 ±162.22 ±107.89 ±69.80 ±419.45 0.00 ±713.51
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 3.1, October 2025) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.