Table 16.1a. Relative standard errors (%) of total tree volume by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years)
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 20.1 25.7 23.0 17.9 20.4 38.9 39.5 56.7 53.2 0.0 89.9 0.0
Poplar 24.6 17.1 17.2 14.2 7.8 16.6 20.4 27.6 55.7 74.6 0.0 0.0
Larch 35.0 20.1 20.4 14.7 15.9 16.4 29.8 45.1 46.6 58.5 66.2 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 73.4 75.0 74.5 91.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 22.2 14.5 16.8 18.2 16.9 32.9 27.3 41.7 88.1 100.0 100.0 0.0
Spruce 25.4 13.0 10.1 7.3 7.5 2.9 9.9 14.2 18.9 40.0 36.7 0.0
Taiga Shield Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 100.0 51.9 27.9 25.2 94.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 24.5 27.1 27.4 30.1 34.1 26.1 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 32.7 25.4 46.7 30.8 54.5 8.5 78.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 33.5 19.7 10.7 19.8 32.2 28.2 55.8 45.1 50.7 63.1 60.1 0.0
Fir 100.0 46.2 66.0 40.7 34.5 61.5 13.6 49.7 85.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 18.0 14.0 16.9 15.7 26.1 40.0 37.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 31.8 11.3 8.1 9.1 6.6 5.2 3.2 4.6 34.2 60.2 20.5 0.0
Boreal Shield Unclassified 54.6 28.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 9.4 15.0 27.5 45.8 28.9 100.0 99.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 33.0 20.4 15.0 15.0 18.2 31.3 43.8 48.3 86.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 29.9 13.2 8.9 10.1 8.8 17.1 35.4 42.1 85.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 9.2 6.2 5.7 6.0 6.3 15.0 17.6 48.2 74.7 68.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 7.9 5.9 5.1 5.5 5.9 16.2 25.5 34.3 0.0 70.9 100.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 7.9 8.9 22.7 35.5 39.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 77.8 34.3 17.3 16.9 12.9 17.2 19.8 35.4 56.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 18.2 10.0 9.7 9.1 13.1 12.3 17.2 21.9 66.8 83.5 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 0.0 84.0 34.3 31.7 20.0 58.4 38.3 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 14.2 6.7 5.9 6.7 5.3 15.5 12.9 36.1 46.6 64.1 89.3 0.0
Pine 7.4 5.2 5.6 5.7 6.2 12.5 15.7 32.6 68.8 100.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 9.8 5.1 3.5 3.1 2.7 4.5 3.7 9.8 19.9 37.4 65.0 0.0
Atlantic Maritime Unclassified 37.3 57.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 13.5 17.8 30.9 61.4 47.9 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 27.0 14.5 51.8 37.8 48.1 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 17.9 11.8 9.2 7.5 9.7 17.9 36.8 84.3 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Birch 16.8 12.9 12.8 13.2 14.4 22.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 16.6 13.0 11.5 11.0 19.9 29.4 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 14.6 13.2 22.1 43.0 40.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 45.3 34.4 23.6 21.5 15.3 19.7 32.3 79.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 37.0 22.9 16.9 21.6 29.1 54.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 99.9 100.0 47.4 35.5 41.9 73.3 100.3 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 14.5 7.8 6.6 8.3 12.4 17.5 40.6 40.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 40.7 24.3 27.3 24.7 22.7 45.4 48.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 13.1 9.4 7.2 6.1 8.2 13.4 34.4 41.7 100.0 98.6 0.0 0.0
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified 63.3 43.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 26.9 23.8 30.5 59.6 39.5 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 37.6 17.0 14.4 12.9 18.3 34.8 61.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 38.0 15.0 11.1 10.6 13.9 26.6 46.1 57.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 38.8 22.6 20.0 40.2 71.1 75.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 27.4 19.8 12.2 22.2 35.4 58.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 39.5 38.3 44.4 88.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 84.5 26.8 17.4 16.8 25.0 34.9 48.8 70.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 67.4 41.6 40.6 47.8 49.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 0.0 0.0 45.9 67.4 32.7 66.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 59.8 37.4 27.3 38.7 77.7 82.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 67.3 22.1 20.6 24.3 43.1 80.2 70.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 51.9 23.7 20.6 29.3 47.6 0.0 86.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 87.5 38.4 49.0 89.6 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 100.0 43.7 90.8 50.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 25.7 19.6 16.0 16.1 26.9 47.5 49.4 87.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 9.9 7.2 7.9 5.2 6.2 7.9 12.0 25.5 45.3 70.8 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 87.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 53.3 14.3 10.9 9.1 8.9 10.8 12.5 18.1 32.3 44.1 72.8 0.0
Fir 100.0 48.6 34.1 47.2 59.5 47.0 68.8 95.8 100.0 100.0 85.2 0.0
Pine 15.0 10.3 12.7 10.7 10.8 12.4 17.8 22.3 40.4 100.0 100.0 0.0
Spruce 20.0 8.5 6.5 5.1 6.1 5.4 6.4 10.4 15.5 40.3 37.1 0.0
Prairies Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 77.8 70.9 99.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 33.9 43.8 78.2 98.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 50.0 44.0 80.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 14.4 10.8 20.5 27.8 52.9 81.6 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 0.0 58.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 80.4 96.5 77.8 43.6 60.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 79.1 91.3 54.3 46.0 74.0 72.2 100.0 96.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 65.5 75.3 65.7 73.6 15.9 67.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 99.9 84.7 52.7 67.0 71.8 78.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 99.9 40.5 41.2 85.1 75.7 89.8 94.5 76.7 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 50.3 35.7 37.2 35.1 35.3 51.5 99.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 0.0 99.9 100.0 64.0 67.7 77.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 73.2 41.3 20.8 18.5 21.5 21.8 6.5 39.9 53.3 100.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 78.1 40.7 28.6 41.6 47.4 47.5 83.1 46.4 70.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 37.4 27.2 21.3 25.6 16.2 22.9 52.4 60.1 37.8 100.0 58.7 0.0
Larch 97.9 43.1 56.0 29.3 40.6 40.1 35.9 56.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 86.1 39.5 27.6 49.5 16.3 18.4 18.6 17.7 21.5 32.4 17.3 0.0
Pine 44.7 31.7 20.7 23.4 15.5 14.4 15.7 22.2 24.2 59.7 32.6 0.0
Spruce 37.5 21.9 20.0 17.3 10.0 8.6 9.7 11.0 14.9 25.3 12.9 0.0
Pacific Maritime Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 75.0 43.5 23.2 27.8 38.4 47.4 82.7 100.2 100.0 100.0 55.4 0.0
Maple 0.0 48.0 65.1 40.8 84.9 99.2 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.6 0.0
Birch 86.8 58.2 81.8 70.0 55.7 52.5 79.5 99.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Poplar 0.0 66.6 41.0 58.0 39.4 44.3 43.0 46.2 63.1 53.9 66.7 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 31.7 31.0 43.4 41.7 37.5 37.7 36.0 47.8 30.6 25.5 9.1 0.0
Douglas-fir 33.7 35.0 24.9 25.1 26.6 28.0 40.3 34.5 41.2 36.7 28.4 0.0
Hemlock 23.8 17.3 17.4 23.4 23.4 21.2 17.8 30.5 19.4 20.0 6.6 0.0
Fir 33.2 27.2 36.6 42.1 29.7 40.8 49.0 28.3 34.6 33.8 11.4 0.0
Pine 100.0 66.9 60.7 40.9 51.8 42.9 51.6 86.1 86.1 42.2 27.8 0.0
Spruce 0.0 49.5 56.0 66.8 47.8 46.4 52.9 51.1 47.2 51.0 20.4 0.0
Montane Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 74.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.9 0.0 99.9 0.0 0.0
Birch 56.1 44.5 49.7 29.1 28.2 34.6 32.5 49.2 78.4 94.1 100.0 0.0
Poplar 27.2 25.0 24.5 18.5 16.2 28.8 16.4 27.8 39.5 60.7 46.2 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 35.9 48.2 38.7 37.0 35.5 37.9 41.6 31.1 48.1 38.5 20.9 0.0
Larch 50.3 47.6 67.6 33.9 26.5 27.8 27.7 38.4 37.9 48.4 30.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 41.0 24.5 20.2 16.0 14.6 12.0 11.2 13.3 14.9 19.0 12.5 0.0
Hemlock 58.4 45.1 45.7 49.3 31.7 32.3 31.2 29.3 31.5 43.4 16.9 0.0
Fir 28.4 33.3 21.9 19.6 16.5 14.8 10.5 11.6 12.7 11.8 8.6 0.0
Pine 28.7 10.9 19.1 11.7 8.9 8.4 8.4 11.1 18.5 17.2 14.5 0.0
Spruce 41.5 20.1 21.3 15.0 11.4 10.1 9.8 8.9 10.4 10.9 7.8 0.0
Hudson Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 49.8 64.5 72.0 77.6 100.0 60.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 56.5 55.9 36.6 67.0 45.7 55.1 49.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 58.1 19.0 14.6 24.8 29.7 47.2 31.1 37.2 87.9 100.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 36.7 37.4 52.6 100.0 71.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 34.9 23.1 28.7 65.6 71.2 55.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 47.1 15.2 10.4 11.6 19.0 7.9 7.6 25.6 80.1 100.0 0.0 0.0
Canada Unclassified 38.3 22.7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified hardwoods 8.1 11.7 17.5 48.3 23.5 65.3 99.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 19.7 14.7 12.3 11.1 13.8 23.4 40.1 44.3 73.3 95.4 55.4 0.0
Maple 14.6 8.1 5.7 6.0 6.4 11.6 26.6 34.1 77.5 0.0 81.3 0.0
Birch 6.8 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2 10.7 15.0 27.8 38.6 55.3 62.7 0.0
Poplar 5.6 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.6 6.1 9.2 15.0 31.4 31.5 34.5 0.0
Unspecified conifers 6.9 7.4 17.0 31.6 28.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 29.4 16.5 15.9 13.1 9.9 12.8 16.8 29.9 25.0 22.4 8.4 0.0
Larch 17.0 6.3 5.7 5.5 7.4 8.3 9.9 14.6 23.1 34.4 27.4 0.0
Douglas-fir 26.1 25.0 20.5 20.9 13.2 11.4 12.0 12.5 14.6 17.4 13.9 0.0
Hemlock 23.3 17.0 16.0 20.4 17.8 17.1 14.9 21.7 16.5 23.7 6.1 0.0
Fir 9.9 4.9 4.3 5.2 4.6 8.1 7.4 9.0 10.5 10.6 6.7 0.0
Pine 5.9 3.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.5 6.2 8.8 13.8 17.3 13.1 0.0
Spruce 7.2 3.6 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 3.4 6.7 9.1 6.0 0.0
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 2, November 2022) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.