Table 18.1a. Relative standard errors (%) of total above-ground biomass on forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years) Total
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 24.78 24.78
Fir - 100.00 75.19 69.32 80.05 90.55 99.99 - - - - - 61.28
Larch 42.09 18.94 18.68 15.16 15.66 16.27 27.75 43.36 52.07 58.75 65.15 - 7.34
Birch 21.17 25.11 21.51 17.59 19.69 35.79 36.44 53.82 52.19 - 90.83 - 9.25
Pine 23.92 18.40 22.18 18.60 16.73 29.64 25.88 43.95 87.71 99.99 99.99 - 9.17
Poplar 26.90 16.91 16.58 13.49 7.77 15.59 19.99 27.60 55.33 74.82 - - 5.55
Spruce 25.96 12.98 10.13 7.11 7.64 2.94 9.65 13.94 18.38 38.72 34.73 - 2.48
Subtotal 12.27 8.45 7.60 7.03 5.19 2.86 9.01 12.11 17.03 34.68 28.08 24.78 2.14
Taiga Shield Maple - - - 100.03 100.03 - - - - - - - 98.34
Unspecified conifers - - 100.06 - - - - - - - - - 100.06
Other hardwoods - - 99.99 55.81 30.43 19.64 94.74 - - - - - 16.08
Birch 22.49 25.58 27.46 37.84 36.57 25.96 100.08 - - - - - 11.50
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 4.71 4.71
Fir 100.00 43.99 69.55 48.00 33.74 64.58 13.79 51.74 85.21 - - - 13.38
Larch 61.27 15.60 10.69 22.10 33.61 29.82 57.26 45.16 50.89 62.72 59.91 - 11.83
Poplar 41.74 27.28 45.37 30.69 54.92 8.40 78.29 - - - - - 7.86
Pine 18.50 15.32 19.31 17.17 25.56 39.42 35.89 100.00 - - - - 8.26
Spruce 26.11 12.29 8.70 9.54 6.78 5.15 3.32 4.21 33.75 60.40 20.44 - 2.08
Subtotal 12.30 8.55 7.49 7.96 6.42 4.65 3.28 4.19 29.27 57.35 20.33 4.71 1.96
Boreal Shield Hemlock - 81.66 34.37 31.92 20.03 56.51 38.75 100.00 100.00 - - - 14.09
Unclassified 54.35 28.13 71.73 79.77 78.56 99.98 97.40 99.98 99.98 - - 4.39 5.06
Other hardwoods 33.86 21.27 15.63 16.35 18.57 29.78 46.94 46.88 78.20 - - 72.69 8.66
Cedar & other conifers 76.38 30.72 16.84 16.33 12.78 16.94 19.51 35.24 56.24 - - - 6.98
Unspecified hardwoods 9.56 15.28 27.78 46.12 28.49 100.00 95.13 - - - - - 7.51
Larch 22.15 10.17 9.39 9.32 11.45 11.91 14.32 21.37 74.30 83.52 - 62.73 4.34
Unspecified conifers 7.78 8.95 23.08 35.76 38.78 - - - - - - 100.00 5.84
Maple 30.48 14.49 8.98 10.19 8.88 17.15 35.96 41.84 84.94 - - - 4.98
Fir 13.97 6.69 5.80 6.77 5.31 15.51 12.39 36.19 52.25 64.68 88.89 61.28 2.86
Birch 9.74 6.37 5.70 5.94 6.30 15.09 17.28 46.59 82.15 68.01 - 64.03 3.04
Pine 8.12 5.33 5.64 5.80 6.20 12.44 15.57 33.59 67.92 100.00 - 100.00 2.68
Poplar 7.97 5.68 5.05 5.46 5.96 16.37 25.81 34.99 - 71.07 99.98 77.97 2.80
Spruce 8.41 4.62 3.62 3.04 2.72 4.45 3.73 9.57 18.87 36.45 64.41 32.30 1.45
Subtotal 3.44 2.35 2.13 2.12 1.98 3.67 3.37 8.24 16.82 28.17 47.07 4.34 0.98
Atlantic Maritime Hemlock 99.95 99.99 47.53 35.44 44.05 74.37 100.26 98.67 - - - - 23.27
Unclassified 37.34 54.45 75.15 74.03 100.56 100.56 - - - - - 7.05 8.48
Other hardwoods 31.45 14.77 49.30 39.09 49.73 98.67 - - - - - - 12.06
Larch 37.70 23.40 16.69 21.93 27.95 53.53 99.99 - - - - - 10.29
Unspecified hardwoods 13.41 18.49 31.75 62.71 48.53 99.95 - - - - - 100.51 12.96
Cedar & other conifers 44.96 35.00 23.62 22.17 15.36 19.39 32.27 80.23 - - - - 9.19
Pine 42.52 24.79 27.69 25.58 21.96 42.82 47.68 - - - - - 12.05
Unspecified conifers 14.15 13.10 21.97 42.76 41.80 - - - - - - 75.80 8.72
Poplar 16.68 13.62 11.43 11.20 19.39 29.46 - 99.99 - - - - 6.35
Birch 20.26 13.68 13.10 13.53 14.19 21.99 99.99 - - - - - 6.44
Fir 16.25 8.19 6.48 8.56 12.96 17.28 41.28 40.04 - - - - 4.27
Spruce 14.78 9.56 7.15 5.89 8.27 13.91 35.32 41.55 99.99 98.67 - 99.95 3.50
Maple 21.74 12.90 9.30 7.68 9.98 18.19 36.94 85.59 99.99 - 99.99 100.51 4.60
Subtotal 6.40 4.22 3.77 3.75 5.04 7.84 20.30 39.18 82.39 98.67 99.99 7.03 1.96
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified 63.29 42.93 - - - - - - - - - 16.44 18.36
Unspecified conifers 39.59 38.19 44.66 87.82 - - - - - - - - 24.35
Larch 56.32 41.80 40.53 47.61 48.86 - - - - - - - 30.25
Hemlock - - 46.23 67.29 32.65 67.12 - - - - - - 26.67
Spruce 49.89 23.35 21.22 29.36 47.08 - 84.33 - - - - - 13.49
Birch 39.19 22.96 20.03 40.14 70.51 75.50 99.99 - - - - - 14.30
Unspecified hardwoods 26.56 23.92 30.41 59.47 40.54 100.17 - - - - - - 17.98
Fir 59.16 37.28 27.04 38.63 77.66 82.83 99.99 - - - - - 19.81
Pine 74.09 22.49 20.02 23.61 42.18 79.61 70.85 99.99 - - - - 11.68
Cedar & other conifers 78.57 25.96 17.31 16.57 25.29 35.01 48.76 69.12 - - - - 9.67
Poplar 30.24 19.90 12.14 21.85 36.34 57.83 99.99 - - - - - 9.64
Other hardwoods 51.51 18.33 14.98 13.24 18.29 35.37 60.91 - - - - - 8.42
Maple 40.33 15.34 11.13 10.56 13.78 26.93 46.62 57.44 99.99 - - - 6.29
Subtotal 15.32 7.69 6.17 6.58 9.48 19.01 31.49 42.27 99.99 - - 16.44 3.63
Boreal Plains Unspecified hardwoods - 100.00 - - - - - - - - - - 100.00
Cedar & other conifers 73.42 100.00 100.00 - - - - 71.75 - - - - 62.30
Other hardwoods 81.25 38.63 55.21 90.55 - 100.00 - - 100.00 - - - 51.49
Maple 100.00 43.33 91.06 52.78 100.00 - - - - - - - 51.06
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 8.38 8.38
Fir 100.00 49.74 34.52 44.87 58.64 43.90 66.67 95.57 100.00 100.00 85.35 - 20.15
Birch 27.44 19.57 16.71 15.37 28.29 47.54 52.29 82.90 - - - 100.00 9.02
Larch 60.14 15.28 11.57 9.61 9.32 11.40 13.08 18.07 30.05 50.96 72.63 - 4.54
Pine 16.06 10.66 12.95 10.45 10.69 12.45 16.52 21.83 40.02 99.98 99.98 86.34 4.79
Spruce 20.26 9.34 6.61 4.79 5.44 5.36 6.43 10.26 15.43 41.84 35.47 - 2.38
Poplar 10.00 7.27 7.99 5.23 6.27 7.99 12.26 24.76 45.10 70.71 - 100.00 2.88
Subtotal 7.63 4.89 4.68 3.27 3.78 4.24 5.44 8.49 13.91 38.99 32.76 8.37 1.67
Prairies Fir 100.00 100.00 - 99.99 - - - - - - - - 93.96
Other hardwoods 77.39 71.20 99.98 - - - - - - - - - 71.86
Larch - 63.58 100.00 100.00 100.00 - - - - - - - 46.38
Douglas-fir - - 100.00 100.00 100.22 - - - - - - - 83.49
Maple 32.48 46.29 78.38 97.38 - - - - - - - - 40.03
Birch 53.65 43.68 81.19 - - - - - - - - - 33.75
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 28.44 28.44
Pine 76.62 93.61 80.98 43.64 70.95 100.00 - - - - - - 63.15
Spruce 86.06 90.75 55.45 46.04 73.99 72.77 100.00 95.95 - - - - 29.93
Poplar 14.72 10.86 20.12 27.31 54.02 81.15 - 100.00 - - - - 7.90
Subtotal 14.48 10.76 18.85 25.30 44.99 58.87 100.00 92.11 - - - 28.44 7.47
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.00
Larch 99.94 54.04 39.45 85.55 78.05 91.53 91.77 74.97 99.94 - - - 38.26
Poplar 75.04 91.15 57.47 67.21 60.53 78.65 99.99 - - - - - 32.56
Pine - 99.94 99.99 59.90 66.05 78.54 99.99 - - - - - 37.42
Birch 48.09 65.12 36.37 62.29 17.15 66.81 - - - - - - 16.32
Fir - 99.99 44.27 39.10 40.83 34.01 35.11 50.82 99.37 - - - 18.45
Spruce 72.39 29.52 19.50 15.85 20.66 22.23 6.53 38.85 52.93 99.99 - - 5.74
Subtotal 45.55 26.18 18.76 13.99 13.43 17.83 6.45 30.17 48.14 99.99 - 0.00 5.40
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified - - - - 100.14 - - - - - - 46.25 46.00
Larch 59.87 43.93 45.93 34.25 38.70 36.84 35.94 54.18 - - - - 15.23
Birch 32.85 41.21 28.03 44.54 48.90 47.73 76.66 46.93 71.37 - - - 21.64
Poplar 43.63 26.57 21.17 24.33 16.18 22.72 47.65 54.98 35.34 100.00 52.45 - 11.23
Fir 76.99 33.84 25.17 52.56 16.73 18.37 19.02 18.00 22.24 33.98 17.46 - 7.75
Pine 35.35 33.76 21.79 21.77 14.89 13.78 15.60 21.97 23.28 57.50 30.30 - 6.66
Spruce 39.67 22.93 16.58 14.59 9.98 8.37 9.46 10.88 14.74 28.30 12.49 - 4.05
Subtotal 22.34 15.67 11.74 10.96 7.01 6.43 7.71 9.04 11.25 21.29 9.79 46.25 3.07
Pacific Maritime Unspecified hardwoods 99.98 - - 99.98 - - - - - - - - 84.02
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 13.78 13.78
Birch 92.70 58.78 80.30 70.12 55.32 51.87 79.70 99.56 - - 99.98 - 26.88
Maple 99.98 49.07 64.65 39.49 86.24 99.25 99.98 - - - 84.88 - 46.20
Pine 86.76 65.09 58.96 40.10 50.67 41.08 49.10 83.21 82.16 43.08 27.69 - 20.00
Poplar - 68.01 39.71 53.45 39.42 42.68 40.21 45.64 63.03 53.98 63.19 - 19.63
Other hardwoods 73.51 41.00 22.71 27.61 38.39 45.65 79.51 78.16 99.98 99.98 51.01 - 13.47
Spruce - 47.55 55.12 67.63 47.19 49.11 48.87 51.86 57.75 50.64 19.65 - 16.51
Fir 29.59 25.42 36.15 40.07 32.37 39.34 47.98 28.51 35.40 35.30 11.34 - 9.68
Douglas-fir 30.22 33.00 24.23 24.57 26.39 27.02 38.12 33.43 39.65 35.80 27.58 - 10.24
Cedar & other conifers 26.93 28.84 41.41 39.61 37.02 36.19 32.05 45.80 30.03 23.95 8.82 - 7.82
Hemlock 21.91 16.27 17.02 22.56 22.72 20.88 17.17 29.92 18.24 19.22 6.46 - 5.15
Subtotal 14.79 11.41 11.73 14.01 13.40 13.55 17.42 16.19 13.28 12.92 4.57 13.78 3.45
Montane Cordillera Other hardwoods - - 93.72 - - - - 99.94 - 99.94 - - 83.77
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 7.30 7.30
Birch 49.24 40.53 48.33 33.29 26.89 36.66 29.94 47.34 76.13 92.13 100.00 - 15.09
Larch 48.22 48.36 67.81 32.49 26.00 27.11 27.10 38.33 37.96 47.71 28.49 - 11.33
Cedar & other conifers 52.87 48.54 35.53 37.04 36.66 34.76 40.68 30.61 48.66 38.52 20.53 - 15.65
Poplar 34.36 22.18 22.19 17.95 15.21 25.13 15.86 26.42 39.59 61.63 44.96 - 8.09
Hemlock 55.76 44.01 45.23 53.60 31.67 31.12 31.33 29.20 31.32 43.26 17.03 - 11.76
Douglas-fir 39.31 23.74 19.59 14.99 13.38 11.51 10.63 12.29 14.86 18.20 12.54 - 4.70
Fir 38.79 29.56 21.85 18.58 15.93 14.09 10.00 11.29 11.67 11.69 8.25 - 4.46
Pine 22.78 10.32 18.18 11.47 8.69 8.34 8.19 10.75 17.05 16.93 14.19 - 3.56
Spruce 25.78 18.28 20.00 14.49 10.99 9.66 9.40 8.57 9.77 10.50 7.63 - 3.57
Subtotal 16.44 7.46 8.97 6.53 5.22 5.04 4.49 5.02 6.21 6.57 4.69 7.30 1.90
Hudson Plains Other hardwoods - 100.00 - - - 100.00 - - - - - - 71.51
Unspecified conifers - - 99.99 - - - - - - - - - 99.99
Cedar & other conifers - - 100.05 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 - - - - 45.63
Birch 48.66 70.75 71.66 77.59 100.00 61.06 - - - - - - 38.25
Fir 100.00 36.81 37.39 52.71 99.99 71.57 - - - - - - 22.71
Unclassified - - - - - - - - - - - 16.31 16.31
Poplar 56.34 60.30 36.82 68.55 43.48 55.12 47.96 - - - - - 23.00
Pine 38.07 24.68 27.11 66.40 73.72 63.39 - - - - - - 21.69
Larch 70.24 23.91 17.56 27.15 31.17 46.74 31.29 37.02 87.82 99.99 - - 13.73
Spruce 52.63 14.60 10.97 11.99 19.17 8.57 8.92 25.89 80.67 99.99 - - 4.68
Subtotal 23.58 11.48 9.33 10.99 15.95 8.34 8.83 21.56 61.71 71.88 - 16.31 4.26
Canada Unspecified hardwoods 8.29 11.99 17.58 49.62 22.95 65.65 95.13 - - - - 100.51 6.17
Unclassified 38.26 22.44 59.09 54.37 63.42 82.64 97.40 99.98 99.98 - - 2.77 3.08
Other hardwoods 21.89 13.65 11.97 10.82 13.46 22.65 37.54 42.01 64.08 94.37 51.01 72.69 5.97
Unspecified conifers 6.75 7.50 17.36 31.75 28.45 - - - - - - 60.42 4.84
Larch 17.24 6.46 5.89 5.79 7.74 8.66 9.82 14.91 24.32 35.94 26.16 62.73 3.07
Cedar & other conifers 25.03 16.06 14.69 12.32 9.57 12.15 15.76 28.36 24.62 21.41 8.10 - 6.09
Birch 7.14 5.23 5.06 4.85 5.26 10.66 14.15 27.30 37.83 54.89 62.76 62.48 2.46
Maple 17.50 8.86 5.77 6.01 6.36 11.64 26.72 35.54 75.55 - 78.36 100.51 3.21
Douglas-fir 25.14 23.39 19.61 19.91 12.45 10.95 11.41 11.57 14.41 16.62 13.33 - 4.74
Hemlock 21.46 15.93 15.59 19.72 16.83 16.56 14.53 21.18 15.76 23.56 6.04 - 4.65
Fir 10.15 4.97 4.22 5.15 4.66 7.83 6.91 8.94 9.93 10.64 6.46 61.28 2.40
Pine 6.38 3.96 4.75 4.45 4.61 5.43 6.03 8.65 12.89 16.22 12.55 70.21 1.91
Poplar 5.87 3.83 4.00 3.51 3.59 5.82 8.83 14.39 29.25 32.16 32.66 74.58 1.78
Spruce 6.55 3.37 2.71 2.17 2.04 1.95 2.07 3.09 6.51 9.03 5.85 32.27 0.90
Subtotal 2.62 1.71 1.66 1.54 1.47 1.63 1.82 2.62 4.42 5.45 3.16 2.75 0.68
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data< (Version 3, November 2023) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.