Table 18.1a. Relative standard errors (%) of total above-ground biomass on forest land by species group, age class and terrestrial ecozone in Canada.
Terrestrial ecozone Species group Age (years)
1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 101-120 121-140 141-160 161-180 181-200 201+ Other1
Taiga Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5
Birch 21.0 25.4 21.8 17.5 20.2 37.6 37.4 53.8 52.2 0.0 90.8 0.0
Poplar 26.9 16.9 16.7 13.4 7.7 16.3 20.1 27.6 55.3 74.8 0.0 0.0
Larch 42.2 20.5 20.1 15.4 15.7 16.3 27.7 43.3 52.1 58.7 65.2 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 75.5 69.3 80.1 90.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 23.9 18.7 22.2 18.7 16.6 29.4 26.5 44.0 87.7 100.0 100.0 0.0
Spruce 26.1 13.4 10.5 7.3 7.7 2.9 10.0 14.1 18.8 38.8 34.7 0.0
Taiga Shield Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 100.0 55.9 30.4 19.6 94.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 22.5 25.6 27.5 37.8 36.6 26.0 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 41.7 27.3 45.4 30.7 54.9 8.4 78.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 61.3 15.6 10.7 22.1 33.6 29.8 57.3 45.2 50.9 62.7 59.9 0.0
Fir 100.0 44.0 69.5 48.0 33.6 64.6 13.8 51.7 85.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 18.5 15.3 19.3 17.2 25.6 39.4 35.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 26.1 12.3 8.7 9.5 6.8 5.1 3.3 4.2 33.8 60.4 20.4 0.0
Boreal Shield Unclassified 54.4 28.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4
Unspecified hardwoods 9.6 15.3 27.8 46.1 28.5 100.0 95.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 33.9 21.3 15.5 14.6 18.4 29.7 46.2 47.0 78.1 0.0 0.0 72.7
Maple 30.5 14.5 9.0 10.2 8.9 17.2 36.0 41.8 84.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 9.8 6.5 5.7 6.0 6.3 15.1 17.2 46.5 82.2 68.0 0.0 64.0
Poplar 7.9 5.7 5.0 5.5 6.0 16.3 25.8 35.0 0.0 71.1 100.0 78.0
Unspecified conifers 7.8 9.0 23.1 35.8 38.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
Cedar & other conifers 76.4 30.7 16.8 16.3 12.8 16.9 19.5 35.2 56.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 22.2 10.2 9.8 9.5 11.6 11.9 14.4 22.4 74.2 83.5 0.0 62.7
Hemlock 0.0 81.7 34.4 31.9 20.0 56.5 38.7 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 14.3 6.8 5.9 6.6 5.2 15.5 13.6 35.8 49.4 64.7 88.9 61.2
Pine 8.1 5.3 5.6 5.7 6.2 12.3 15.6 33.6 67.9 100.0 0.0 100.0
Spruce 8.5 4.7 3.7 3.2 2.8 4.5 3.7 9.7 18.9 36.5 64.4 32.3
Atlantic Maritime Unclassified 37.3 57.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1
Unspecified hardwoods 13.4 18.5 31.8 62.7 48.5 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.5
Other hardwoods 31.5 14.9 51.5 39.5 49.7 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 21.7 12.9 9.3 7.7 10.0 18.2 37.0 85.6 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.5
Birch 20.3 13.7 13.2 13.5 14.2 22.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 16.8 13.7 11.5 11.3 19.4 29.4 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 14.2 13.1 22.0 42.9 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.8
Cedar & other conifers 45.0 35.0 23.6 22.2 15.4 19.4 32.3 80.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 37.7 23.5 16.8 21.9 28.0 53.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 99.9 100.0 47.5 35.4 44.0 74.3 100.3 98.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 16.3 8.2 6.5 8.6 12.9 17.3 41.3 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 42.5 24.8 28.0 25.6 22.1 42.8 47.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 14.8 9.6 7.2 5.9 8.3 13.9 35.3 41.6 100.0 98.6 0.0 99.9
Mixedwood Plains Unclassified 63.3 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4
Unspecified hardwoods 26.6 23.9 30.4 59.5 40.5 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 51.5 18.3 15.0 13.2 18.3 35.4 60.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 40.3 15.3 11.1 10.6 13.8 26.9 46.6 57.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 39.2 23.0 20.0 40.1 70.5 75.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 30.2 19.9 12.1 21.8 36.3 57.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 39.6 38.2 44.7 87.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 78.6 26.0 17.3 16.6 25.3 35.0 48.8 69.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 56.3 41.8 40.5 47.6 48.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hemlock 0.0 0.0 46.2 67.3 32.7 67.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 59.2 37.3 27.1 38.7 77.7 82.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 74.1 22.5 20.0 23.6 42.2 79.6 70.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 49.9 23.4 21.2 29.4 47.1 0.0 84.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 81.2 38.6 50.0 90.5 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 100.0 43.3 91.1 50.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 27.6 19.7 16.9 15.7 26.7 47.5 52.3 82.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
Poplar 10.1 7.3 8.0 5.2 6.3 8.0 12.2 25.0 45.1 70.7 0.0 100.0
Cedar & other conifers 73.4 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 60.4 15.1 11.5 9.6 9.3 11.3 13.1 18.1 30.1 51.0 72.6 0.0
Fir 100.0 49.7 35.3 48.3 60.3 47.3 68.9 95.6 100.0 100.0 85.3 0.0
Pine 16.1 10.7 13.1 10.5 10.7 12.5 16.5 21.8 40.0 100.0 100.0 86.3
Spruce 20.3 9.3 6.6 4.8 5.6 5.4 6.4 10.2 15.4 41.9 36.4 0.0
Prairies Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.4
Other hardwoods 77.4 71.2 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maple 32.5 46.3 78.4 97.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 53.6 43.7 81.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 14.7 10.9 20.1 27.3 54.0 81.1 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 0.0 63.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 76.6 93.6 81.0 43.6 70.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 86.1 90.7 55.4 46.0 74.0 72.8 100.0 95.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiga Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 74.6 66.9 36.7 62.4 16.7 67.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 99.9 91.2 57.5 67.2 60.5 78.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 99.9 37.9 42.7 85.3 77.8 91.3 91.8 75.0 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 0.0 100.0 44.3 39.1 40.8 34.0 35.1 50.9 99.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 0.0 99.9 100.0 60.0 66.0 78.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 97.0 46.5 21.3 16.1 20.6 22.2 6.5 38.9 53.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
Boreal Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.9
Birch 35.6 41.2 28.0 44.5 48.9 47.7 76.7 46.9 71.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 31.0 26.8 21.2 24.3 16.2 22.7 47.9 55.0 35.3 100.0 52.5 0.0
Larch 86.1 42.6 58.3 34.2 38.7 36.8 35.9 54.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 83.8 45.0 32.4 54.1 16.7 18.4 19.0 18.1 22.2 34.0 17.5 0.0
Pine 43.2 38.9 22.0 21.8 14.9 13.8 15.6 22.1 23.5 57.5 30.3 0.0
Spruce 40.5 23.9 16.9 14.6 9.9 8.4 9.6 10.9 14.8 28.9 12.5 0.0
Pacific Maritime Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2
Unspecified hardwoods 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other hardwoods 73.6 41.6 22.8 27.9 39.0 46.6 81.5 100.2 100.0 100.0 53.3 0.0
Maple 100.0 49.6 64.6 40.6 85.9 99.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.9 0.0
Birch 92.7 58.8 80.3 70.1 55.3 51.7 79.7 99.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Poplar 0.0 68.0 41.4 58.3 39.9 44.6 43.1 46.4 63.0 54.0 66.7 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 27.3 29.0 41.9 40.6 37.1 36.2 32.3 45.9 30.4 24.2 9.0 0.0
Douglas-fir 30.2 33.2 24.5 24.9 26.1 27.4 39.9 34.4 41.3 36.9 27.9 0.0
Hemlock 21.9 16.4 17.1 22.8 22.9 20.9 17.3 29.9 18.8 19.4 6.5 0.0
Fir 29.6 25.4 36.1 40.9 32.0 39.3 48.0 28.5 35.2 34.1 11.3 0.0
Pine 86.8 65.1 59.0 40.3 50.7 42.2 50.6 84.2 84.4 42.8 27.2 0.0
Spruce 0.0 48.0 55.2 67.5 47.2 44.6 52.2 50.6 47.2 50.6 20.4 0.0
Montane Cordillera Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6
Other hardwoods 0.0 0.0 93.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.9 0.0 99.9 0.0 0.0
Birch 56.6 40.5 48.3 27.8 27.5 35.0 31.8 50.4 76.1 92.1 100.0 0.0
Poplar 34.9 24.0 22.8 18.2 15.9 26.9 16.4 27.2 39.6 58.9 45.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 43.3 44.4 37.6 37.4 34.9 37.1 40.8 30.6 48.0 38.5 20.6 0.0
Larch 50.1 48.4 67.8 32.5 26.0 27.1 27.1 38.3 38.0 47.7 28.5 0.0
Douglas-fir 39.7 23.5 19.5 15.1 13.8 11.7 10.7 12.6 14.9 18.6 12.2 0.0
Hemlock 51.4 42.7 45.2 48.0 31.1 31.1 31.4 29.5 31.4 43.3 16.9 0.0
Fir 40.7 29.7 21.5 18.8 15.9 14.2 10.1 11.3 11.7 11.7 8.2 0.0
Pine 22.8 10.5 18.3 11.4 8.6 8.3 8.2 10.8 17.0 16.9 14.1 0.0
Spruce 29.9 18.8 20.5 14.7 11.0 9.7 9.4 8.6 9.9 10.6 7.6 0.0
Hudson Plains Unclassified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3
Other hardwoods 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Birch 48.7 70.8 71.7 77.6 100.0 61.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poplar 56.3 60.3 36.8 68.5 43.5 55.1 48.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unspecified conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cedar & other conifers 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Larch 70.2 23.9 17.6 27.1 31.2 46.7 31.3 37.0 87.8 100.0 0.0 0.0
Fir 100.0 36.8 37.4 52.7 100.0 71.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pine 38.1 24.7 27.1 66.4 73.7 62.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spruce 52.6 14.6 11.0 12.0 19.2 8.6 8.9 25.9 80.7 100.0 0.0 0.0
Canada Unclassified 38.2 22.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7
Unspecified hardwoods 8.3 12.0 17.6 49.6 23.0 65.6 95.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.5
Other hardwoods 21.9 13.8 11.8 10.4 13.5 22.4 37.7 44.3 64.0 94.4 53.3 72.7
Maple 17.5 8.9 5.8 6.0 6.4 11.6 26.7 35.6 75.5 0.0 78.4 100.5
Birch 7.2 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.3 10.6 14.4 28.0 37.8 54.9 62.7 62.5
Poplar 5.9 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 5.9 8.9 14.5 29.2 31.3 33.4 74.7
Unspecified conifers 6.8 7.5 17.4 31.8 28.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.4
Cedar & other conifers 25.3 15.9 14.9 12.4 9.6 12.3 16.0 28.6 24.9 21.5 8.2 0.0
Larch 17.4 6.5 6.0 5.8 7.8 8.6 9.8 15.1 24.3 35.9 26.2 62.7
Douglas-fir 25.2 23.4 19.8 20.1 12.5 11.1 11.6 11.9 14.6 17.1 13.5 0.0
Hemlock 21.4 16.0 15.7 19.6 17.0 16.6 14.6 21.3 16.1 23.6 6.0 0.0
Fir 10.3 5.0 4.3 5.1 4.6 7.8 7.0 8.9 10.0 10.6 6.4 61.2
Pine 6.4 4.0 4.8 4.4 4.6 5.4 6.0 8.7 12.9 16.3 12.5 70.2
Spruce 6.6 3.4 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 3.1 6.5 9.1 5.9 32.3
Source: Canada's National Forest Inventory, combined remeasured (2007-2017) and projected (2006-2017 with NFI projection system) data (Version 2, November 2022) (http://nfi.nfis.org)
Note: The Arctic ecozones (Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic), and the Taiga Plains and Hudson Plains ecozones located in Nunavut, are not inventoried. These non-inventoried areas total 262,189.89 thousand ha.
1 Missing or unknown age class.